基于纯膜MBBR的紧凑型污水处理BFM中试基质转化特性  

Pilot test on the treatment of medium-concentration domestic sewage in northern China by BFM process based on pure MBBR

作　　者：陈祥瑞 杜强强 韩文杰 徐康康 井添祺 周家中 蔡言安[3] 吴迪 CHEN Xiangrui;DU Qiangqiang;HAN Wenjie;XU Kangkang;JING Tianqi;ZHOU Jiazhong;CAI Yanan;WU Di(Beijing Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100082,China;Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266510,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266033,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司,北京100082 [2]青岛思普润水处理股份有限公司,青岛266510 [3]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,青岛266033

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第11期3741-3756,共16页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：青岛西海岸新区自主创新重大专项(2019-20)。

摘　　要：为研究纯膜MBBR工艺用于国内北方市政污水的处理效果,采用基于两级AO纯膜MBBR耦合改良磁加载沉淀的BFM中试系统处理北方某污水厂进水,同步对比污水处理厂活性污泥系统处理效果。同时,为了完善工艺设计标准,研究了BFM工艺基质转化关系,并通过微生物高通量测序的方式分析了系统菌群组成及功能菌相对丰度,从微观层面解释了宏观运行效果。结果表明,从处理效果上看,BFM中试在出水稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准的基础上,系统HRT为7.76 h,仅为相同进水条件下污水处理厂活性污泥系统HRT的30%,节地优势明显;在进水重金属冲击下,BFM中试系统受到的影响更小,恢复时间更短,体现出较强的抗冲击特性;从基质转化关系上看,BFM系统生化段通过同化除磷可去除19.61%的STP,其余TP通过M段化学除磷去除,核算除磷所需Al/P为2.12,较污水处理厂二沉池化学除磷所需Al/P(4.35)明显降低,除磷效率高,药剂投加量省;从微观层面上看,成熟后的BFM系统前好氧区生物膜厚度为(345.78±74.81)μm,高于污水处理厂活性污泥系统好氧区生物膜厚度(228.83±66.27)μm,显示出纯膜MBBR生物膜生物量更大;高通量测序结果表明,纯膜MBBR极大的强化了对于功能菌的富集效率,Nitrospira在好氧生物膜中相对丰度达到15.62%-22.30%,核算硝化菌生物量达到(1.13±0.21)g·L^(-1),显著高于对比的活性污泥系统。上述研究结果表明,BFM工艺在保证稳定处理效果的基础上,节地效果突出,且化学除磷效率高,运行成本相比传统工艺无明显增加,该工艺可用于紧凑型污水处理厂建设。In order to study the treatment effect of pure MBBR Process on municipal wastewater in northern China,BFM pilot system based on two-stage AO pure MBBR coupling improved magnetic loading sedimentation was used to treat the influent of a WWTP in northern China,and its treatment effect was simultaneously compared with that of activated sludge system in WWTP.At the same time,in order to improve the process design standard,the matrix transformation relationship in BFM process was also studied.The composition of the system flora and the relative abundance of functional bacteria were analyzed by microbial high-throughput sequencing,and the operation effect at a macro-level was explained at a micro level.The results showed that in terms of treatment effect,the HRT of BFM pilot system was 7.76 h with the stable effluent quality of Class-I-A Standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002),which was only 30%of the HRT of activated sludge system in WWTP under the same influent conditions,which had a significant land-saving advantage;Under the impact of influent heavy metals,the pilot BFM system was less affected and the recovery time was shorter than conventional activated sludge system,reflecting a strong impact resistance;In terms of matrix transformation relationship,19.61%of STP could be removed by assimilation phosphorus removal in the biochemical section of BFM system,and the rest TP could be removed by chemical phosphorus removal in section M.The Al/P ratio required for phosphorus removal was calculated to be 2.12,which was significantly lower than the Al/P ratio of 4.35 required for chemical phosphorus removal in the secondary sedimentation tank of WWTP,so both high phosphorus removal efficiency and reagent dosage-saving occurred;From the micro level,the biofilm thickness in the aerobic zone before the mature BFM system was(345.78±74.81)μm.It was higher than(228.83±66.27)μm of the aerobic area in WWTP,it showed that the biomass of pure MBBR biofilm was greater;

关 键 词：悬浮载体 填料 生物膜 磁加载沉淀 重金属 污泥产率 高通量测序 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]