广西荔枝龙眼品种发展历程与展望  

Development Course and Prospect of Litchi and Longan Cultivars in Guangxi

作　　者：朱建华[1] 李鸿莉[1] 秦献泉[1] 徐宁[1] 李冬波[1] 彭宏祥[1] 邱宏业 侯延杰[1] 张树伟[1] 房晨 Zhu Jian-hua;Li Hong-li;Qin Xian-quan;Xu Ning;Li Dong-bo;Peng Hong-xiang;Qiu Hong-ye;Hou Yan-jie;Zhang Shu-wei;Fang Chen(Institute of Horticulture,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《广西农学报》2021年第5期80-83,共4页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系“良种繁育与生产配套技术岗位”(项目编号:CARS-32-28);广西重点研发计划“广西优良晚熟荔枝芽变种质的创新利用”(桂科AB1850029);广西荔枝龙眼创新团队建设专项(项目编号:nycytxgxcxtd-12-01);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目“龙眼、荔枝实生选种与杂交育种技术研究”(项目编号:2015JZ105);广西农业科学院基本科研业务项目“荔枝龙眼种质资源研究与新品种选育”(桂农科2021YT043)。

摘　　要：广西荔枝品种历经5个不同发展阶段,广西龙眼品种历经3个不同发展阶段,各个发展阶段的生产情况、特性不同。当前广西荔枝、龙眼产业进入了品种结构调整的新阶段,新品种选育取得较大进展,但存在着前期发展速度过快,品种规划不完善,品种结构不合理,产期集中、经济效益低;新品种选育进展缓慢,育种周期长、效率低等主要问题。应加强育种技术攻关,大力开展杂交育种,选育出更多新品种为生产服务;同时搞好品种规划布局,提高优质品种种植比例,发挥不同产区的气候优势,延长荔枝、龙眼鲜果上市时间,提高生产经营效益。Guangxi litchi cultivars have gone through five different development stages,and longan cultivars have gone through three different development stages,the production conditions and characteristics are different at each stage of development.At present,litchi and longan industry in Guangxi has entered a new stage of variety structure adjustment,and great progress has been made in breeding new cultivars.However,there are still some problems,such as rapid development in the early stage,imperfect variety planning,unreasonable variety structure,concentrated production period and low economic benefits.The main problems of breeding new cultivars include slow progress,long breeding cycle and low efficiency.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen breeding technology and carry out cross breeding to select and breed more new cultivars for production.At the same time,the planning and layout of cultivars should be improved,the planting proportion of high-quality cultivars should be increased,the climatic advantages of different production areas should be brought into play,the time for fresh litchi and longan fruit to be listed should be prolonged,and the production and management benefits should be improved.

关 键 词：荔枝 龙眼 品种 历程 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学] S667.2[农业科学—园艺学]