清末奉天女子美术学堂的专业性考辨  

On the Professionalism of Fengtian Women’s Art School in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李程 LI Cheng(Chinese National Academy of Arts,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《美育学刊》2022年第1期114-120,共7页Journal of Aesthetic Education

摘　　要：奉天女子美术学堂创立于1907年,由张鹤龄等人提议创立,前田茂子与服部升子创办,吕眉生任名誉校长。该学堂虽是辽宁省第一所以美术命名的学堂,然从招生、专业设置、教师人员构成等方面上看,该学堂与今日之专业美术学院相去甚远,应是以培养手工业者为主。此应与兴实业时代背景及美术在当时可以理解成音乐、体育、手工、美学、哲学等多元艺术门类有关。虽此学堂与今日不同,但手工科目由依附于实业学堂或师范学堂变为独立的学校,使得中国美术教育突破了洋务运动以来依附于实业学堂的状况,开始向相对专业性迈进。Fengtian Women’s Art School, proposed by Zhang Heling and others, was founded by Maeda Maozi and Seiko Obuchi in 1907,with Lyu Meisheng as the honorary president. Although the school is the first one named after art in Liaoning Province, it differs greatly from today’s professional counterparts in terms of enrollment, specialty setting and composition of teaching staff, as it is actually a school for cultivating men of handicrafts. This can be attributed to the background of the industrial era and that art can be regarded as music, sports, handicrafts, aesthetics, philosophy and other diversified art categories at that time. Despite the fact that it is quite different from today’s art schools, the handicraft subject has changed from being attached to industrial schools or normal schools to independent schools, which makes a breakthrough in the enlightenment modernity shift attached to industrial schools since the Westernization Movement, and begins to move towards relative professionalism.

关 键 词：奉天 女子美术学堂 手工 非专业化 

分 类 号：J-40[艺术]