纳米单质含能材料制备及其应用现状  

A Review on the Preparation and Application of Nano-energetic Materials

作　　者：王苏炜 肖磊[1] 胡玉冰 张光普 高红旭[2] 赵凤起[2] 郝嘎子 姜炜[1] WANG Su-wei;XIAO Lei;HU Yu-bing;ZHANG Guang-pu;GAO Hong-xu;ZHAO Feng-qi;HAO Ga-zi;JIANG Wei(National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院国家特种超细粉体工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210094 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2021年第6期705-734,共30页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21805139,No.U2141202)。

摘　　要：纳米单质含能材料在武器弹药高效释能和可控反应方面应用广泛,已作为重要的提升国防技术水平的关键材料得到世界各国高度关注并争相研究。为了充分发挥含能材料的能量潜能、满足武器装备的高性能需求,并为我国纳米炸药领域的研究提供借鉴,基于国内外相关研究工作,综述了常规含能材料的纳米化制备工艺及其在火炸药领域的应用现状。首先,归纳梳理了针对高能燃料、单质炸药、强氧化剂与储氢材料等相适应的纳米化技术,并对其工艺特点和细化效果进行了分析;其次,对比讨论了纳米化后的单质含能材料与其他配方组分间的作用特性,并阐述其在推进剂、战斗部、火工品等应用场合的优越性;最后,从粒子分散、氧化失活、吸湿结块等角度提出当前限制纳米单质含能材料进一步发展的主要因素。附参考文献197篇。Nano-energetic compounds were widely applied to realize the efficient energy release and controllable reaction of weapons and ammunition,which had also been studied by many countries as an important key material to improve the level of national defense technology.In order to give full play to the potential of energetic materials and meet the high-performance needs of weapons,the preparation methods of nano-energetic materials and their applications in the field of explosives were reviewed based on the related research work,which was aimed to provide a reference for the research in the field of nano-explosive.First,the preparation methods were summarized and classified by high-energy fuel,single-compound explosive,strong oxidant and hydrogen storage materials,and the process characteristics and refining effect were also introduced.Second,the interrelationship between the nano-energetic materials and other components was investigated in detail,as well as the application advantages were described.At last,the main factors limiting the further development of nano-energetic materials were explored from the perspectives of particle dispersion,oxidative deactivation and moisture absorption.With 197 references.

关 键 词：应用化学 含能材料 单质炸药 纳米化 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O69[理学—化学]