镍铁石墨烯基复合纳米材料的制备及其对高氯酸铵的催化分解性能  

Preparation of G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3) Nanocomposites and Their Catalytic Effect of Thermal Decomposition Properties on Ammonium Perchlorate

作　　者：李胜楠 兰元飞 李国平[1,2] 罗运军 LI Sheng-nan;LAN Yuan-fei;LI Guo-ping;LUO Yun-jun(School of Materials and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;High Energy Density Materials Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]高能量密度材料教育部重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2021年第6期782-788,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金与中国工程物理研究院(NSAF)联合基金资助(No.U1630142)。

摘　　要：采用溶胶-凝胶法,以石墨烯为载体,通过超临界CO2干燥和高温煅烧制备出G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3)纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附法(BET)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米复合材料的结构、性能及其对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解催化性能的影响。结果表明,G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3)纳米复合材料具有多孔结构,比表面积为142m^(2)/g,总孔容积为0.55cm^(3)/g,Ni和Fe_(2)O_(3)粒子以纳米尺寸均匀分散在石墨烯片层上;当G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3)纳米复合材料的质量分数为9%时,AP的高温分解峰温由434.2℃降至347.9℃;分解放热量由593J/g增至1524J/g,归因于片层结构的GO可加速电子移动以及抑制纳米粒子团聚的双重作用,在高能固体推进剂中具有重要的应用潜力。The G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3) nanocomposites were fabricated via a sol-gel method,supercritical CO2 drying and high temperature calcination technique using graphene as the carrier.The structures,performance and their catalytic effect of thermal decomposition of the G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3) nanocomposites on ammonium perchlorate(AP)have been studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen adsorption tests(BET)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results indicate that the prepared nanocomposites has a porous structure with a specific surface area of 142m^(2)/g and a total pore volume of 0.55cm^(3)/g,and the Ni and Fe_(2)O_(3) are dispersed evenly on the graphene sheets in nano-size.When mass fraction 9%of G/Ni/Fe_(2)O_(3) the nanocomposites is added,the decomposition temperature of AP decreases from 434.2℃to 347.9℃,and the exothermic heat released from the decomposition of AP increases from 593J/g to 1524J/g as well.It is attributed to the dual effect of GO of the lamellar structure to accelerate electron movement and inhibit the agglomeration,which is supposed to possess significant potential in high-energy solid propellants.

关 键 词：物理化学 石墨烯 纳米复合材料 溶胶-凝胶法 高氯酸铵(AP) 热分解 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]