铁路重载货车轮对弹性振动及其动态影响  

Elastic Vibration of Wheelset and Its Dynamic Effect on Railway Heavy-Haul Freight Wagon

作　　者：刘鹏飞[1] 刘红军 高昊 任尊松[3] 张凯龙 LIU Pengfei;LIU Hongjun;GAO Hao;REN Zunsong;ZHANG Kailong(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [3]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2022年第1期90-98,234,共10页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072249,11790282)。

摘　　要：为研究轮对弹性振动特性及其对重载货车动力学性能的影响,以30 t轴重重载货车为研究对象,对轮对刚、柔建模时的整车运动稳定性、曲线通过性能等进行了对比研究.首先,给出了多体动力学中弹性体的数学建模方法;其次,建立轮对柔性体有限元模型,分析了轮对的弹性振动模态,进一步将其集成于多刚体系统中,形成重载货车刚柔耦合动力学分析模型;最后,针对货车多刚体和刚柔耦合两类建模方法,以干线不平顺叠加短波不平顺作为系统激励源,对比分析了重载货车的轮对振动响应、蛇行运动稳定性以及动态曲线通过性能的差异.研究结果表明:相对刚性轮对而言,柔性轮对的变形能够缓和轮轨刚性冲击,同时弱化轮轨间的刚性约束能力,导致其振动幅度降低,使得车辆非线性临界速度下降约9%,通过小半径曲线时,轮轨横向力也降低了约13.7%,轮对弹性振动对重载货车动态性能的影响同样不容忽视.To study the characteristics of wheelset elastic vibration and their effect on the dynamic performance of heavy-haul freight wagon,a railway wagon with a 30 t axle load is considered as the research object in this work.The running stability and the curving performance of vehicle are investigated in a comparative manner.First,the mathematical modeling method of elastic body based on multi-body dynamics is presented.Then,a finite element model of wheelset’s flexible body is established,and the elastic vibration modes are analyzed.The flexible wheelset is integrated in to the multi-rigid-body system,which then forms the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of heavy-haul wagon.Finally,for the multi-rigid body and rigid-flexible coupling modeling methods used for the wagon,the differences in wheelset vibration responses,running stability,and curving performance characteristics determined by these methods for a heavy-haul wagon were compared when using the main-line track irregularity with short-wave irregularity as the excitation source.The research results indicate that the deformation of elastic wheelset can alleviate the wheel-rail impact and also weaken the wheel-rail rigid restraining effect when compared with rigid wheelset.Therefore,the vibration amplitude for the flexible wheelset is reduced and the vehicle’s nonlinear critical speed is decreases by 9%.In sharp curves,the wheel-rail lateral force of flexible wheelset is reduced by 13.7%.The influence of wheelset’s elastic vibration on the dynamic performance of the heavy-haul wagon thus can not be ignored.

关 键 词：重载货车 弹性轮对 振动模态 临界速度 动力学性能 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]