西藏高寒草原5种牧草养分含量及体外消化率季节变化  

Seasonal Changes of Nutrient Content and in vitro Digestibility of Five Grass Species in Tibetan Alpine Grassland

作　　者：张晓庆[1] 金艳梅 田峻成 德庆卓嘎[3] 洛桑催成 格桑加措[3] 平措班旦 ZHANG Xiao-qing;JIN Yan-mei;TIAN Jun-cheng;Deqingzhuoga;Luosangcuicheng;Gesangjiacuo;Pingcuobandan(Institute of Grassland Research,CAAS,Hohhot 010010,China;Marine College,Shandong University at Weihai,Weihai 264209,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]山东大学(威海)海洋学院,山东威海264209 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第1期71-77,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：西藏自治区重点研发计划项目(XZ202001ZY0037N);“十四五”西藏自治区重大科技专项(XZ202101ZD0001N、XZ202101ZD0002N、XZ202101ZD0003N);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610332020006)。

摘　　要：为掌握西藏自治区岗巴县高寒草原天然牧草养分含量及消化率季节变化规律,选取垫型蒿、高原鸢尾、藏羊茅、藏西嵩草和线叶嵩草5种牧草,分别分析8月、10月和12月各种牧草的粗蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、钙、磷和中、酸性洗涤纤维含量及干物质和纤维组分体外消化率。结果表明:5种牧草中垫型蒿的粗蛋白质含量最高(17.28%)、线叶嵩草次之(15.73%)、藏羊茅最低(3.15%),脂肪和灰分含量分别为1.31%~1.84%和2.57%~9.90%,钙含量变幅较大(0.27%~4.94%),而磷含量相对稳定(0.09%~0.23%),高原鸢尾的中、酸性洗涤纤维含量最高(84.42%和54.44%),而藏西嵩草和线叶嵩草较低;随季节变迁,粗蛋白质含量逐渐降低而纤维含量(除藏西嵩草)不断升高(P<0.05),脂肪含量无显著变化,灰分含量先升高后降低,钙含量在物种和季节间大幅变动,除线叶嵩草外磷含量逐渐降低。就体外消化率而言,藏西嵩草和线叶嵩草的干物质(71.55%、68.42%)、中性洗涤纤维(53.36%、54.45%)和酸性洗涤纤维(42.10%、45.02%)较高,垫型蒿和藏羊茅次之,高原鸢尾最低(除8月外);除藏西嵩草外,其余4种牧草的干物质和中、酸性洗涤纤维体外消化率均为8月最高,10月次之,12月最低。综合以上,在岗巴县超高海拔高寒草原,藏西嵩草、线叶嵩草的营养价值最好,藏羊茅、垫型蒿次之,高原鸢尾最差。This study was aimed to understand the seasonal changes in nutrient content and digestibility of natural grasses on the alpine grassland in Kamba county,Tibet.Five grass species,Artemisia minor,Iris collettii,Festuca wallichanica,Kobresia deasyi and Kobresia capillifolia,were separately collected in August,October,and December from local pasture to determine the contents of crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),ash,calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),neutral detergent fibre(NDF)and acid detergent fibre(ADF),was well as in vitro digestibility of dry matter(DM),NDF and ADF.The results showed that among the five grass species,Artemisia minor had the highest CP content of 17.28%,followed by Kobresia capillifolia(15.73%),and Festuca wallichanica had the lowest CP content(3.15%).The ranges of EE and ash contents of the five grass species were 1.31%~1.84%and 2.57%~9.90%,respectively.The Ca content of the five grass species ranged from 0.27%to 4.94%,but their P content was relatively stable in a narrow range from 0.09%to 0.23%.For NDF and ADF contents,Iris collettii had the highest values(84.42%and 54.44%,respectively),while Kobresia deasyi and Kobresia capillifolia had lower values.With seasonal changes,CP content gradually decreased and fiber fractions of grasses,except Kobresia deasyi,gradually increased(P<0.05).No significant change was found in EE among seasons,but ash firstly increased and then decreased with season change.Ca content of the five grass species had a huge variation between species and seasons,while P content decreased with seasonal changes,except for Iris collettii.Kobresia deasyi and Kobresia capillifolia had the highest in vitro digestibility of DM(71.55%and 68.42%),NDF(53.36%and 54.45%)and ADF(42.10%and 45.02%),followed by Artemisia minor and Festuca wallichanica,and the lowest values were found in Iris collettii(except August).Except for Kobresia deasyi,the rank of in vitro digestibility of DM,NDF and ADF of other four grass species were shown as follows:August>October>September.In conclusion,in ultra-high a

关 键 词：西藏自治区 岗巴县 高海拔地区 牧草营养 动态变化 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]