劳动力流动与地区制造业升级--基于转移升级和转型升级角度  

Labor Mobility and Regional Manufacturing Upgrade:Based on the Perspective of Transfer and Transformation

作　　者：郝凤霞[1] 江文槿 楼永[1] HAO Feng-xia;JIANG Wen-jin;LOU Yong

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2021年第6期90-109,共20页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“制造业服务化与产业价值链升级研究”(项目编号:18BGL019,项目负责人:郝凤霞)。

摘　　要：基于2007-2016年中国30个省级区域的制造业细分数据,构建表征制造业升级的新指标,研究劳动力数量和质量对地区制造业升级的影响,并从产业转型和转移两个角度揭示中国制造业的演变趋势与路径。结果表明:(1)劳动力数量与地区整体制造业升级之间存在正向关系;细分行业看,劳动力供给减少对低、中和中高技术制造业升级产生负向影响,对高技术制造业升级无显著影响。(2)从转移和转型路径看,劳动力供给减少能够“倒逼”高技术制造业升级,但作用有限,这也解释了为什么现有关于劳动力流动对产业升级的影响研究持有正反不同的观点。(3)劳动力技能水平提高主要通过转型升级路径来促进产业升级,转移升级效应不显著,且可能存在向外的扩散性转移,地区制造业发展仍以该地区内部的技术依赖为主。(4)劳动力质量提高对中高技术制造业升级的正向影响大于对高技术制造业,表明中国高技术制造业人才不足、高知型劳动力“脱实向虚”问题存在。Based on manufacturing data from 30 provinces,it studies the impact of labor quantity and quality on regional manufacturing upgrades,and reveals the evolution trend and path of China s manufacturing industry from the two directions of industrial transformation and transfer.The research results show that:(1)There is a positive relationship between the number of labor forces and the overall upgrading of the region s manufacturing industry;In terms of industry segments,the reduction in labor supply has a negative impact on low,medium,and medium-high-tech manufacturing industries,but has no effect on high-tech manufacturing industries.(2)From the perspective of transfer and transformation paths,the reduction of labor supply can“force”the upgrading of high-tech manufacturing,but the effect of“force”is limited.(3)The improvement of labor skill level mainly promotes industrial upgrading through transformation and upgrading.The effect of transfer and upgrading is not significant,and there may be an outward diffusive transfer.The development of regional manufacturing is still based on technological dependence within the region.(4)The improvement of labor quality has a greater positive impact on medium and high-tech manufacturing than high-tech manufacturing,which provides empirical support for the problem of insufficient talents in China s high-tech manufacturing industry and high-skilled labor.

关 键 词：劳动力流动 制造业 出口技术复杂度 转移升级 转型升级 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学] F426