空气颗粒物暴露下职业人群肺功能现状与影响因素分析  

Analysis of pulmonary function status and influencing factors in occupational population exposed to air particulate matter

作　　者：张丽江[1] 卢耀勤[1] 柴淑萍 于常艳[3] 刘军[1] 张璞 俞文兰[3] ZHANG Li-jiang;LU Yao-qin;CHAI Shu-ping;YU Chang-yan;LIU Jun;ZHANG Pu;YU Wen-lan(Occupational Disease Prevention Department,Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi Xinjiang,830002,China;Public Health Department,Urumqi High-tech Zone Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi Xinjiang,830002,China;Women’s Occupational Health Research Office,Institute of Occupational Health and Toxicology,Beijing,100015,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]乌鲁木齐市高新区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,新疆乌鲁木齐830004 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒所妇女劳动卫生研究室,北京100015

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第24期3345-3348,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅课题(2021D01F54);乌鲁木齐市卫生健康委员会科技项目(201926)。

摘　　要：目的分析空气颗粒物暴露下的职业人群肺功能异常和个体防护现状及两者之间的关联性,为保护职业人群健康、精准防控提供参考依据。方法于2019年9—12月,以乌鲁木齐市某区从事环卫工作在1年以上的307名环卫工人作为调查对象,同时选取乌鲁木齐市同一区的8 h均在办公室从事行政、后勤等工作的人员155人作为对照组,采用横断面调查方法,对所有调查对象开展肺功能测定、个体防护问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果307名调查对象工作的室外监测点细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))和可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particles,PM_(10))平均质量浓度分别为104.3和151.7μg/m^(3),远高于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》中二级浓度限值。抽取的32名调查对象PM_(2.5)个体暴露的平均浓度为126.4μg/m^(3),PM_(10)个体暴露的平均浓度为159.5μg/m^(3),超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》中的日平均浓度二级浓度限值。307例调查对象肺功能异常检出率为31.60%,对照组异常检出率为13.55%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、工龄及防护口罩使用与否的调查对象肺功能异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、工龄和未使用防护用品是导致职业人群肺功能异常的主要危险因素。结论空气颗粒物暴露下职业人群肺功能异常率较高,个体防护较差,需加强肺功能常规监测和个体防护干预。Objective To provide basis for protecting the health of occupational population and accurate prevention and control through analyzing the abnormal pulmonary function and individual protection status of occupational population exposed to air particulate matter,and exploring the correlation between the two.Methods From September to December 2019,307 sanitation workers who have been engaged in sanitation work for more than one year in a district of Urumqi were selected as the subjects.At the same time,155 people who were engaged in administrative and logistic work in the office for 8 hours daily in the same district of Urumqi were recruited in the control group.By cross-sectional survey,pulmonary function examination and personal protection questionnaire were carried out for all subjects,and the data were analyzed.Results The mean mass concentrations of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10))at outdoor monitoring sites of 307 subjects were 104.3 and 151.7μg/m3 respectively,which were far higher than the secondary concentration limit from GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard.Among 32 selected survey subjects,the average concentration of individual exposure to PM_(2.5)was 126.4μg/m^(3),while the average concentration of individual exposure to PM_(2.5)was 159.5μg/m3,which were higher than the secondary limit for daily mean concentration from GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard.The detection rate of pulmonary dysfunction among 307 survey subjects was 31.60%,while the detection rate in the control group was 13.55%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary dysfunction among survey subjects in different gender,age,education level,length of service,and use status of protective masks(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,length of service and unused protective equipment were the main risk factors for pulmonary dysfunction in occupational population.Conclusion T

关 键 词：空气颗粒物 职业人群 肺功能 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]