广州市海珠区重点人群结核病筛查情况分析  

Analysis of the results of pulmonary tuberculosis screening in key groups in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City

作　　者：伍小英[1] 江坤洪[1] 何刚[1] 宋涛[1] 蔡晓婷[1] 何立乾[1] Wu Xiaoying;Jiang Kunhong;He Gang;Song Tao;Cai Xiaoting;He Liqian(Guangzhou Chest Hospital(Guangzhou Tuberculosis Control Institute),Guangzhou 510095,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市胸科医院二分所广州市结核病防治所,广州510095

出　　处：《国际医药卫生导报》2022年第2期223-228,共6页International Medicine and Health Guidance News

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2014Y2-00104);广州市医药卫生科技一般引导项目课题(20131A011075);广州市胸科医院科研基金资助项目(XK2013-011)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016年至2020年“十三五结核病防治规划”实施期间广州市海珠区重点人群结核病筛查情况,评估结核病防控成效,为制定结核病防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性研究、社会学及经济学评价方法,对广州市海珠区2016年1月至2020年12月病原学阳性肺结核患者家庭成员、65岁及以上老年人、糖尿病患者、学校肺结核密切接触者筛查进行分析。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果(1)累计登记病原学阳性肺结核患者2911例,进行家庭密切接触者筛查8714例,筛查率99.86%,检出率0.24%(21/8714),有临床症状者肺结核检出率高于无临床症状者。(2)累计对65岁及以上老年人进行肺结核可疑症状筛查8606例,筛查率1.26%(8606/682011);对糖尿病患者进行肺结核可疑症状筛查10472例,进行胸片筛查4964例,发现肺结核患者211例,检出率1.11%(211/19078)。(3)累计对3741例肺结核患者开展艾滋病病毒(HIV)筛查,HIV初筛阳性11例,检出率0.29%(11/3741);累计对6697例HIV感染患者开展肺结核筛查,发现肺结核患者55例,检出率0.82%(55/6697)。(4)累计登记学校肺结核患者445例,进行密切接触者筛查14304例,筛查率92.53%,发现肺结核患者13例,全部为病原学阴性学生患者,检出率0.09%(13/14304)。(5)社会学评价结果。肺结核患者报告发病率从2016年78.04/10万逐年递降至2020年53.76/10万;累计规范管理肺结核患者5697例,规范管理率为95.76%;累计成功治疗肺结核患者6015例,成功治疗率为95.31%。(6)经济学评价结果。累计挽回伤残调整生命年(DALY)63392年,获得完整生命数768个,免受结核菌感染的健康人数60150~90225人;减少新发传染性肺结核病人数3008~4512人,避免了新发病例损失31702~47551年,挽回国内生产总值(GDP)损失961022.72元。结论广州市海珠区重点人群结核病筛查取得较好的成效,应积极推行重点人群“主动发现”模式,减少结核病传播,Objective To analyze the situation of tuberculosis screening among key groups in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City between 2016 and 2020"The 13th Five-Year Plan for Tuberculosis Control",evaluate the effectiveness of tuberculosis prevention and control,and provide scientific basis for formulating tuberculosis prevention and control strategies.Methods By means of retrospective study,sociological and economic evaluation,the screening of family members of patients with etiologically positive tuberculosis,patients above 65 years old,diabetic patients,and close contacts of tuberculosis in schools in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from January 2016 to December 2020 were analyzed.The count data were compared byχ^(2) test.Results(1)A total of 2911 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were registered,8714 cases of close family contacts were screened,with a screening rate of 99.86%,and the positive rate was 0.24%(21/8714).The positive rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in subjects with clinical symptoms was higher than that in subjects without clinical symptoms.(2)A total of 8606 subjects above 65 years old were screened for suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis,with a screening rate of 1.26%(8606/682011).A total of 10472 diabetic patients were screened for suspicious pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms,4964 cases were screened by chest radiograph,211 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were screened out by symptom screening and chest radiograph,with a positive rate of 1.11%(211/19078).(3)A total of 3741 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were screened for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),11 cases of them were positive for HIV,with a positive rate of 0.29%(11/3741).A total of 6697 HIV infected patients were screened for pulmonary tuberculosis,with a positive rate of 0.82%(55/6697).(4)A total of 445 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled in schools,14304 cases of close contact were screened,with a screening rate of 92.53%,13 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were screened out,all of them were students,with a positive rate of

关 键 词：肺结核 重点人群 筛查 

分 类 号：R52[医药卫生—内科学]