一种新型土壤改良剂的制备及性能研究  

Study on preparation and performance of a new soil amendment

作　　者：黄强 HUANG Qiang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College,Zhangzhou Fujian 363105;Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health,Fujian Province University,Zhangzhou Fujian 363105)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学嘉庚学院环境科学与工程学院,福建漳州363105 [2]河口生态安全与环境健康福建省高校重点实验室,福建漳州363105

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第1期55-60,91,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：福建省教育厅科技项目(No.JAT191087);河口生态安全与环境健康福建省高校重点实验室资助项目;国家级大学生创新实验项目。

摘　　要：以废弃蔗渣为原料提取纤维微晶,结合筛选的高效菌株制备成一种新型的土壤改良剂。通过土壤改良剂的红外光谱分析和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)微观形貌分析,土壤改良剂是由各单体在交联剂作用下形成的交联网状大分子,具有众多亲水基团的共聚体,纤维微晶呈白色条状分布,被共聚体所包裹。土壤改良剂吸水持续时间及吸水性能较蔗渣有明显提升,在去离子水与氯化钠溶液(质量分数5%)中充分吸水饱和后,吸水倍率分别达462.07、115.47,吸水性能明显优于2种市售保水剂;土壤改良剂在重复使用5次后在去离子水中的吸水倍率仍然达290.14,接近2种市售保水剂初期吸水性能;土壤改良剂保肥性能较好,生物降解周期比2种市售保水剂短,其对金属离子也有一定的吸收,其吸收能力表现为Cr>Fe>Ni>Cu>Pb>Zn;土壤改良剂成本测算为2076.5元/t,远低于2种市售保水剂(6500、8000元/t),具有推广价值。In this study,a new soil amendment was prepared by the screened efficient strains combined with microcrystalline cellulose which extracted from waste bagasse.Through the IR spectrum analysis and SEM micro morphology analysis,the soil amendment was a network macromolecule formed by each monomer under the action of cross-linking agent.It was a copolymer with many hydrophilic groups.Microcrystalline cellulose was distributed in white strips and wrapped by the copolymer.The water absorption duration and water absorption performance of soil amendment were significantly improved compared with bagasse.After fully absorbing and saturated in deionized water and NaCl solution(mass fraction 5%),the water absorption ratio reached 462.07,115.47 respectively,and the water absorption performance was significantly better than the two kinds of commercial water retaining agents.After being reused for 5 times,the water absorption ratio of soil amendment in deionized water was still 290.14,which was close to the initial water absorption performance of the two commercial water retaining agents.The soil amendment had better fertilizer retention performance,the biodegradation cycle was shorter than the two commercial water retaining agents,and it also had certain absorption of metal ions,the absorption capacity follow the order of Cr>Fe>Ni>Cu>Pb>Zn.The estimated cost of soil amendment was 2076.5 yuan/t,which was far lower than that of two commercial water retaining agents(6500,8000 yuan/t),which had promotion value.

关 键 词：废弃蔗渣 土壤改良剂 高效菌株 保水性能 保肥性能 生物降解性能 经济性 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]