细水雾特性参数对锂离子电池组灭火效果的影响  

Influence of the water mist featured parameters on the fire extinguishing of the lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：王文和[1,2,3] 贺森 王学辉 米红甫 WANG Wen-he;HE Sen;WANG Xue-hui;MI Hong-fu(College of Safety Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;Center for Multi-scale Process Safety Research in Oil&Gas,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆科技学院安全工程学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆市安全生产科学研究院,重庆401331 [3]油气化工过程安全多尺度研究中心,重庆401331

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2505-2512,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC08209500)。

摘　　要：为了研究不同特性参数细水雾抑制锂电池组火灾的效果,利用计算流体动力学模型和火灾动力学模拟程序对不同特性参数细水雾灭火效果进行了分析。采用锥形量热仪在50 kW/m^(2)辐射热条件下和100%荷电状态下对锂离子电池进行燃烧试验,获取其热释放速率曲线,热释放速率峰值为9.23 kW。在试验获得参数的基础上以6个18650型锂电池建立火灾模型,利用火灾场模拟软件FDS对不同雾滴直径、雾动量和喷雾强度的细水雾的灭火过程进行数值模拟。定量分析熄灭锂离子电池火的细水雾相对适宜的条件范围,研究细水雾的特性参数对锂离子电池组灭火效果的影响。结果表明:在细水雾雾滴动能不变的情况下,随细水雾雾滴粒径增大,灭火时间先波动后增大,在细水雾粒径为50~100μm的工况下系统抑制锂离子电池火效果最佳,灭火时间最短,耗水量最少;水雾动量变化在一定区间内增加对锂电池灭火有增强效果,当雾滴速度足以穿越火焰时,增加水雾动量对灭火效果影响不大;在规定范围内喷雾强度越大,细水雾能够气化的数量越多,吸收的热量也越多,越有利于灭锂离子电池火灾。This paper intends to analyze the effects of the different particular parameters of the water mist for fire extinguishing via the computational fluid dynamics model and the fire dynamics simulation program so as to clarify and determine the effect of the different characteristic parameters of water mist in suppressing the lithium battery fires.It is just for above mentioned purposes we have managed to conduct a combustible test on the lithium-ion battery under the condition of 50 kW/m^(2) radiant heat in the fully charged status-in-situ,so as to gain the heat releasing rate curve in a conically shaped calorimeter with the peak thermos release rate of 9.23 kW.And,then,based on the parameters gained in the experiment,we have also established a fire model with 6 lithium batteries of No.18650 to simulate the fire extinguishing process of water mist numerically by using the fire field simulation software FDS in different droplet diameters,mist momenta and spray intensities.And,then,we have also done the quantitative analysis of the water mist fire extinguishing conditions at the relatively suitable ranges,so as to examine and determine the influence of the particular water mist parameters on the fire extinguishing effect of the lithium ion battery packs.Thus,the simulation results we have gained show that:on the condition when the kinetic energy of the water mist droplets remains constant,the extinguishing time tends to fluctuate first and then increase with the increase of the size of the water mist droplets.And,then,the system may produce the best or the idealistic effect in suppressing the likely fire cases of lithium-ion batteries.Thus,it would be possible to extinguish the likely fires for some short breaks,with the consumption of some smallest amount of water under the working conditions with the water mist droplet size in a range of 50-100 μm.And,then,the increase of the fog momentum within a certain range may tend to produce an enhanced effect on the lithium battery fire extinguishing.Moreover,when the speed

关 键 词：安全工程 锂电池 锥形量热仪 火灾模型 细水雾 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]