油罐池火灾热辐射临界距离研究  

Study on radiation critical distance of pool fire on oil tank

作　　者：张启波 张护国[1,2] 谭清磊 卢守青 ZHANG Qi-bo;ZHANG Hu-guo;TAN Qing-lei;LU Shou-qing(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,Shandong,China;Urban Disaster Prevention and Control Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,Shandong,China;Shandong Key Industry Field Accident Prevention Technology Research Center(Non-ferrous Metallurgy),Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,山东青岛266520 [2]青岛理工大学山东省城市灾变预防与控制工程技术研究中心,青岛266520 [3]青岛理工大学山东省重点行业领域事故防范技术研究中心(冶金有色领域),山东青岛266520

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2533-2540,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51804176);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2018PEE001)。

摘　　要：为了研究油罐火灾热辐射对普通人和消防员的临界伤害距离及相邻油罐的临界失效距离,基于双区域池火模型运用PHAST软件模拟油罐发生池火灾事故,分析热辐射距离随风速、油罐容积和大气稳定度3种因素的变化趋势,讨论3种影响因素对临界距离的影响。结果表明,风速和油罐容积均会显著影响3种临界距离,而大气稳定度对3种临界距离的影响可以忽略。《建筑设计防火规范》中规定的防火间距能满足相邻油罐火灾安全要求,但容积大于等于2000 m^(3)着火油罐灾难性破裂所需时间均小于《石油库设计规范》中联防消防车的响应时间,导致发生防火堤内火灾的可能性增加,因此建议修改《石油库设计规范》中联防消防车的响应时间。This paper studies the influence of oil tank fire on the critical distance of personnel and equipment and presents a simulation study for assessing the safety of ordinary persons,firefighters,and adjacent tanks subjected to heat radiation.The software of PHAST(Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool) based on the two-zone pool fire model is used to simulate the effects of wind speeds,tank volumes,and atmospheric stabilities on critical distances.The proposed analysis involves a sequential four-step procedure:(1) a mathematical model—to explain the calculation method of PHAST,assuming the flame as a homogeneous solid cylinder consisting of a luminous base and smoky top,(2) FDS(Fires Dynamics Simulator) finite element transient heat transfer model—to determine the location of maximum temperature on the adjacent oil tank,(3) validation—to compare simulated data based on PHAST model with previous experimental data reported in the literature and(4) data analysis—to analyze three radiation critical distances:(1) critical damage distance of ordinary persons,(2) critical damage distance of firefighters and(3) critical failure distance of adjacent oil tanks.The analyses consider the in?uence of a combination of various parameters:(1) seven wind speeds,(2) five atmospheric stabilities,and(3) five oil tank volumes.The results indicate that the wind speeds and the tank volumes significantly affect the three critical distances,while the effect of atmospheric stabilities is negligible.The fire separation distances in the current GB 50016—2014 can meet the actual safety distance requirement of adjacent oil tanks,but the time required for the catastrophic rupture of a burning oil tank is less than the response time of the joint fire truck.It indicates that the current GB 50074—2014 design recommendations need to be modified to decrease the failure possibility of burning oil tanks caused by fire.

关 键 词：安全工程 油罐 池火 PHAST 临界伤害距离 临界失效距离 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]