废旧弹药回收与再利用技术研究进展  

Research advancement of current recycling and reuse technology for outdated ammunitions

作　　者：仝毅[1] 刘炎 黄风雷[1] TONG Yi;LIU Yan;HUANG Feng-lei(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2709-2722,共14页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：废旧弹药不仅会产生危害,还会占用库存,必须及时妥善处理。首先分析了熔融分离技术、溶剂萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、密度分级技术、超声空化-表面活性剂水溶技术、水悬浮煮洗技术、热解法、溶剂溶解法等8种不同回收技术的原理和特点;其次分析了废旧弹药在军事、民用炸药、化工材料或产品、一般或特殊能源等方面再利用的4种途径的原理及特点;最后分析了控制爆炸技术、控制燃烧技术、热气消除技术、水热氧化技术、超临界水氧化技术、光催化氧化技术、强氧化剂氧化技术、湿空气氧化技术、脉冲等离子体技术、超声波氧化技术、熔融盐破坏技术、生物降解技术等13种废旧弹药绿色销毁处理技术的原理及特点。回收与再利用方法众多,具体选择哪种方式去处理还要根据废旧弹药性质、种类、数量、现有的工厂条件以及经济效益的高低去判断和选择。建议政府、军队、研究院所、学校、企业等多方应该加强合作,研究新的处理技术并应用,以全面提升经济效益和社会效益综合效益,实现自动化、智能化和集约化是其未来发展趋势。Outdated ammunitions must be properly tackled timely because it can cause harm and take up inventory.This paper mainly introduces the research progress on the recycling and reusing technology of outdated ammunitions.Since many outdated ammunitions have high recovery values,we analyzed the principles and characteristics of eight different recycling technologies,including melting technology,solvent extraction technology,supercritical fluid extraction technology,density classification technology,ultrasonic cavitation-surfactant water dissolution technology,aqueous suspension boiling wash technology,pyrolysis technology,solvent dissolution technology.Outdated ammunitions can not only be recycled as raw materials for new ammunitions,but also can be used directly through modification.Therefore,we also analyzed the principles and characteristics of four different reusing methods,including reusing in the military,civilian explosives,chemical materials or products,and the general or special energy source.However,some outdated ammunitions are inconvenient to be recycled.So,we analyzed the principles and characteristics of the various green destruction technologies at last.Such technologies include the controlled blasting technology;the controlled burning technology;hot gas decontamination technology;hydrothermal oxidation technology;supercritical water oxidation technology;photo-catalytic oxidation technology;strong oxidant oxidation technology;humid air oxidation technology;pulse plasma technology;the ultrasonic oxidation technology;the molten salt destruction and the biodegradation technology,etc.There are many recycling and reuse methods,but which method to choose should be judged and selected according to nature,type,quantity,existing factory conditions,and the level of economic benefits of used ammunition.At last,we suggested that the government,the military,research institutes,schools,enterprises,and other parties should strengthen cooperation to research and apply new processing technologies to comprehensively impro

关 键 词：环境工程学 废旧弹药 绿色处理 回收 再利用 

分 类 号：X789[环境科学与工程—环境工程]