多种废弃物混合厌氧发酵产气及对重金属的影响  

Influential effects of various wastes mixed anaerobic fermentation onbiogas production properties and heavy metals

作　　者：李永慧 童巧 李玉成 张学胜 LI Yong-hui;TONG Qiao;LI Yu-cheng;ZHANG Xue-sheng(Environmental Science Research Institute,College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院环境科学研究所,合肥230601

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2723-2730,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07603002)。

摘　　要：为综合利用多种废弃物混合发酵产沼气及解决沼渣中重金属污染问题,选用猪粪为主料,麦秸、蓝藻、磷矿粉作为辅料,厌氧污泥为微生物接种源,将多种废弃物组合发酵。通过分析不同原料组合的产气效果及对沼渣重金属的钝化效果来探究最佳产气和钝化重金属的原料组合。结果表明:各配比试验中"猪粪+污泥+麦秸"组合(ZJ)产气效果最佳,总产气量是"猪粪+污泥+蓝藻"组合(ZL)的4.8倍,日产气量较ZL组提前3 d达到极值;磷矿粉对各组沼渣中的重金属均有钝化作用,"猪粪+污泥+麦秸+磷矿粉"(ZJ1)组合对沼渣中重金属Cu、Zn钝化效果最优,残渣态分配率分别升高了5.25个百分点和6.77个百分点;ZJ1沼渣重金属生物有效性下降率最高,Cu、Zn生物有效性分别下降了50.39%和59.25%。蓝藻对发酵沼渣中Cu、Zn则具有活化作用,其Cu、Zn生物有效性分别增加了28.04%和20.69%。因此,猪粪、污泥、秸秆、磷矿粉通过合适配比进行厌氧发酵,既能绿色产能使多种污染物资源化,又能降低沼渣中重金属污染,为多种污染物协同厌氧发酵产沼气提供理论依据和参考。The present paper aims at using a variety of waste mixed fermentation to produce biogas and solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in biogas residue,comprehensively.In this study,anaerobic sludge was used as microbial inoculation source,the pig manure as the main ingredient was mixed with wheat straw,and cyanobacteria and phosphate rock powder as auxiliary materials were studied comprehensive utilization of various waste in fermentation.The measure we would like to take include a batch of experiments,pig manure+anaerobic sludge(CK) which without any auxiliary materials,pigmanure+anaerobic sludge+wheat straw(ZJ),pig manure+anaerobic sludge+cyanobacteria(ZL),CK+phosphate rock(CK1),ZJ+phosphate rock(ZJ1),ZL+phosphate rock(ZL1).To explore the best raw material combination of the effect of biogas production and metals passivation in biogas residue,element analysis method,Tessier five-step continuous extraction method,ammonium acetate extraction method,and drainage gas collection were conducted to investigate the effects of the concentration,status and bioavailability of heavy metals Cu,Zn and producing biogas in anaerobic fermentation.The results show that the combination of ZJ had the best biogas yield,which was 4.8 times of ZL.Compared with ZL,daily biogas production of ZJ reached the extreme value 3 days in advance.The combination of ZJ1 had the best passivation effect of Cu and Zn in biogas residue,and the residual status distribution rate increased by 5.25 and 6.77 percentage points respectively.The bioavailability of Cu and Zn decreased the most in biogas residue of ZJ1,which decreased by 50.39% and 59.25%,respectively.Whereas Cyanobacteria can activate Cu and Zn in biogas residue,and their bioavailability increases by 28.04% and 20.69%,respectively.Therefore,Cyanobacteria can activate Cu and Zn in anaerobic fermentation,increasing the toxicity and ecological risk of heavy metals in the environment.Whereas the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure,straw,and phosphate rock powder through appropriate proportion

关 键 词：环境工程学 废弃物 厌氧发酵 猪粪 沼气 重金属 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]