烟花爆竹燃放污染与防治研究进展  

Research progress on pollution and prevention of fireworks and firecrackers

作　　者：于跃[1] 韩志跃[2] 邓利[1] 杜志明[2] YU Yue;HAN Zhi-yue;DENG Li;DU Zhi-ming(Life Science College,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029;State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学生命科学与技术学院,北京100029 [2]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2804-2812,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：北京理工大学爆炸科学与国家重点实验室自主课题项目(QNKT21-03)。

摘　　要：烟花爆竹具有悠久的历史,在社会发展的各个阶段为节日庆典等重大活动渲染气氛。然而烟花爆竹的燃放会带来严重的环境危害,这又与现代文明的发展和理念南辕北辙。本文重点综述国内外烟花爆竹燃放引发污染以及监测办法,以及烟花爆竹污染防治相关的研究进展。从烟火药配方着手,采用无硫、无金属、无毒原料,通过控制氧平衡,并且利用合适的黏合剂,使烟火药达到充分燃烧,降低烟花爆竹燃放引发的污染是本领域未来的研究方向。Exploding fireworks and firecrackers have devastating impacts on the environment,which is the opposite of the development and concept of modern civilization.This article looks into pollution caused by fireworks as well as firecrackers and monitoring methods used at home and abroad.Domestic researchers started to investigate toxic and harmful gases and noise pollution caused by fireworks and firecrackers in 1987.Since 2003,domestic research has focused on particulate matter and metal element pollutions caused by fireworks and firecrackers.After 2016,particulate pollution from fireworks and firecrackers has been the main focus.Pollution due to fireworks and firecrackers has been reduced as a result of bans and restrictions on fireworks and firecrackers implemented in some domestic cities.In other countries,research on pollution due to fireworks and firecrackers began in 1997.Since then,advanced equipment has been used in various countries to determine various types and sources of pollutants,and the relationship among society,economics,population density,policy & enforcement,and pollution caused by fireworks and firecrackers has been studied.This article also reviews the developments in the prevention and control measures for fireworks and firecrackers-related pollution adopted at home and abroad in recent years.It is found that the treatment of fireworks and firecrackers-related pollution can be costly,difficult,and ineffective.This article proposes to modify pyrotechnic compositions and use sulfur-free,metal-free,and non-toxic raw materials to develop environmentally friendly combustibles and oxidants for reducing the metal particles and toxic and harmful gases released by the burning of fireworks and firecrackers;Besides,pyrotechnic burn rate can be adjusted through the use of new types of adhesives or the tuning of oxygen balance to make complete combustion of pyrotechnics possible and thus reduce pollution released by the burning of fireworks and firecrackers.As a promising approach to minimize the pollution ca

关 键 词：环境工程学 烟花爆竹 燃放 污染 防治 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]