北京市2019年工程机械排放污染测算  

Study of the Beijing construction machinery emission pollution in 2019

作　　者：刘永腾 彭永伦 张崇波[1,3] 金陶胜 LIU Yong-teng;PENG Yong-lun;ZHANG Chong-bo;JIN Tao-sheng(National Automobile Quality Inspection and Testing Center(Shunyi,Beijing),Beijing 101300,China;Beijing Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute,Beijing 101300,China;Beijing Automotive Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100079,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]国家汽车质量检验检测中心(北京顺义),北京101300 [2]北京市产品质量监督检验院,北京101300 [3]北京汽车研究所有限公司,北京100079 [4]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室,国家环境保护城市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2835-2844,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为了建立北京市工程机械排放清单,测算北京市工程机械气体污染物排放,在获得北京市工程机械保有量、功率分布、排放阶段分布和使用强度等数据之后,通过对不同机械类别、不同排放阶段的工程机械进行PEMS排放试验获得机械排放因子,最终依据《非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南》中的方法,测算北京市2019年工程机械排放总量。结果显示:NO_(x)排放因子整体呈现下降趋势,相比国Ⅰ排放阶段,国Ⅱ、国Ⅲ、京Ⅳ阶段挖掘机排放因子削减比例分别为51%、65%、74%;叉车削减比例分别为29%、54%、62%;装载机削减比例分别为29%、60%、79%。CO排放因子削减比例没有显示出持续下降或上升趋势。相比国Ⅰ排放阶段,国Ⅱ、国Ⅲ、京Ⅳ阶段挖掘机排放因子削减比例分别为18%、28%、21%;叉车削减比例分别为8%、12%、31%;装载机削减比例分别为52%、29%、73%。2019年北京市非道路工程机械NO_(x)、CO、CO_(2)的排放量分别是6222 t、1635 t、56.7万t。按机械类别划分,挖掘机、装载机、叉车对污染排放量贡献最大,此三种机械污染物之和在NO_(x)、CO、CO_(2)排放总量中占比分别达到94.7%、93.8%、95.4%。This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of pollution from non-road construction machinery in Beijing and establishes an emission inventory of construction machinery.With various methods such as visiting relevant sales companies,consulting industry associations,and looking into reference materials,etc,our study obtains the data of construction machinery on the inventory number,power distribution,emission level,and usage intensity in Beijing.The emission factors are obtained by conducting PEMS(Portable emission measurement system) emission tests on construction machinery for different categories and in different regulation stages.At last,the total emission from construction machinery in Beijing in 2019 is calculated according to Compilation of Technical Guidelines for Atmospheric Pollutants List of Non-road Mobile Sources.The result shows that the NO_(x) emission factor generally decreases with tightening emission standards.Compared with China I emission stage,the reduction ratios of the excavator emission factor in China Ⅱ,China Ⅲ,and Beijing Ⅳ stage were 51%,65%,and 74% respectively.The reduction ratios were 29%,54% and 62% for forklifts and 29%,60% and 79% for loaders.There is no obvious correlation between the CO emission factor and the emission stage.Compared with China I emission stage,the reduction ratios of the excavator emission factor in China Ⅱ,China Ⅲ,and Beijing Ⅳ stage were 18%,28%,and 21% respectively.These data were 8%,12% and 31% for forklifts and 52%,29% and 73% for loaders.In 2019,the emissions of NO_(x),CO,and CO_(2 )from non-road construction machinery in Beijing were 6,222 tons,1,635 tons,and 567,000 tons,respectively.According to the type of machinery,excavators,loaders,and forklifts contribute the most of the emissions.The sum of these three types accounts for 94.7%,93.8%,and 95.4% of the total emissions of NO_(x),CO,and CO_(2).

关 键 词：环境工程学 工程机械 排放因子 排放总量 北京 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]