2017年某地重金属多介质多暴露途径的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in multiple environmental media through multi-pathways in a certain area in 2017

作　　者：张盈盈 岳帅 杜艳君[1,3,4] 班婕 李湉湉[1] ZHANG Yingying;YUE Shuai;DU Yanjun;BAN Jie;LI Tiantian(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;Tianjin Medical College,Tianjin 300222,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021 [2]天津医学高等专科学校,天津300222 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2021年第12期127-133,142,共8页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21906156)。

摘　　要：目的评估某地多种环境介质中重金属的污染水平及健康风险,为制定相关政策和采取干预措施保护人群健康提供参考依据。方法通过环境健康综合监测项目收集空气PM_(2.5)、饮用水及土壤介质中5种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg)的监测数据,采用经典“四步法”评估重金属的健康风险。结果2017年某地As、Cd、Cr(VI)、Pb、Hg在空气PM_(2.5)中的浓度中位数分别为1.98、0.46、0.41、21.00、0.10 ng/m^(3),在饮用水中的浓度中位数分别为1.25、0.25、2.00、1.25、0.05μg/L,在土壤中的浓度中位数分别为7.82、0.17、8.92、27.50、0.08 mg/kg。空气PM_(2.5)、饮用水、土壤介质中5种重金属各暴露途径的慢性和急性非致癌风险均<1,且5种重金属的累积非致癌风险均<1;饮用水中As、Cd、Cr(VI)经口摄入途径的致癌风险分别为5.26×10^(-5)、4.49×10^(-6)、2.80×10^(-5),空气PM_(2.5)中As、Cr(VI)吸入途径的致癌风险分别为8.51×10^(-6)、4.92×10^(-6),土壤中As、Cr(VI)经口摄入途径的致癌风险分别为8.77×10^(-6)、3.33×10^(-6)。As、Cd、Cr(VI)的累积致癌风险CCR分别为7.02×10^(-5)、5.48×10^(-6)、3.63×10^(-5)。结论2017年某地5种重金属多介质多暴露途径的非致癌风险均较低,As、Cd、Cr(VI)具有一定的致癌风险,应予以重视。Objective To evaluate the pollution levels and health risks of heavy metals in various environmental media in a certain area,and to provide a basis for formulating relevant policies and adopting intervention measures to protect public health.Methods Data of five heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Hg)in PM_(2.5)in ambient air,drinking water and soil were collected through Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking.The health risks of the metals were calculated.Results In 2017,the median concentrations of As,Cd,Cr(VI),Pb,and Hg were 1.98,0.46,0.41,21.00 and 0.10 ng/m^(3)in PM_(2.5) in ambient air;1.25,0.25,2.00,1.25 and 0.05μg/L in drinking water;7.82,0.17,8.92,27.50 and 0.08 mg/kg in soil,respectively.Hazard quotient(HQ)and hazard index(HI)of the five heavy metals in PM_(2.5) in ambient air,drinking water and soil were all below 1.Carcinogenic risks(CR)of As,Cd,and Cr(VI)were 5.26×10^(-5),4.49×10^(-6)and 2.80×10^(-5)in drinking water through oral route.CR of As and Cr(VI) were 8.51×10^(-6)and 4.92×10^(-6)in PM_(2.5) in ambient air through inhalation pathway and 8.77×10^(-6)and 3.33×10^(-6)in soil through oral route.Cumulative carcinogenic risk(CCR)of As,Cd,Cr(VI)were 7.02×10^(-5),5.48×10^(-6)and 3.63×10^(-5),respectively.Conclusion In 2017,the non-carcinogenic risks of the five heavy metals in the multiple environmental media through multiple exposure pathways in a certain district were acceptable.The carcinogenic risks of As,Cd,and Cr(VI)were higher than the acceptable risk and should be paid attention to.

关 键 词：重金属 环境介质 多暴露途径 暴露评估 健康风险 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]