香菇沪香F2菌株重要农艺性状在F2和F3代中的遗传规律  

Genetic law of important agronomic traits of Lentinula edodes in F2 and F3 generations

作　　者：郑文妹 章炉军 李巧珍[2] 宋春艳[2] 尚晓冬[2] 谭琦[2] ZHENG Wen-Mei;ZHANG Lu-Jun;LI Qiao-Zhen;SONG Chun-Yan;SHANG Xiao-Dong;TAN Qi(College of Food Science&Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [2]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海201403

出　　处：《菌物学报》2021年第12期3129-3142,共14页Mycosystema

基　　金：上海市科委项目(18391900200);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[2017(A-02)]。

摘　　要：以香菇菌株"沪香F2"及其自交优良F2代菌株"申香1504"为实验材料,收集孢子单核体,对其交配型进行鉴定,然后通过单孢自交的方法,构建F2和F3代群体,并对孢子单核体、F2、F3代群体各阶段培养、出菇情况以及重要农艺性状进行详细统计分析,研究各性状表型分化的情况及遗传规律。结果表明:2个亲本所获得的孢子单核体中A2B1交配型比例均为最高,根据孢子单核体交配型数量分别设计了1 028和972个F2和F3代自交配对组合。在2个群体中,配对阶段,分别有15.47%和23.56%的配对组合由于菌丝生长缓慢无法获得后代双核体菌株,且F3代显著高于F2代;生产种培养阶段,出现不良性状的菌株数量分别为7.78%和9.57%;菌棒培养阶段,出现不良性状的菌株数量分别为41.05%和49.28%,且F3代退化菌株比例显著高于F2代,不转色菌株比例显著低于F2代;出菇阶段,分别有3.11%和4.32%的菌株不现蕾,分别有13.04%和4.32%的菌株出畸形菇,分别有19.55%和8.95%的菌株能出正常菇,且F2代出正常菇的菌株比例显著高于F3代。"沪香F2"和"申香1504"分别有26个和8个孢子单核体,多次配对获得的杂交子,出正常菇的概率达50%以上。2个群体的平均单棒产量、平均单棒菇数、平均单菇重表现出明显的分化现象,且两个群体之间均存在极显著性差异。与F2代相比,F3代的产量分布、菇数分布表现出偏分离现象,平均单棒产量低于F2代43.84%,平均单棒菇数低于F2代56.77%。香菇"沪香F2"菌株在F3代中的培养、出菇情况以及农艺性状整体表现劣于F2代,且在F2代中获得表现优于亲本的高产品种,在F3代中获得大朵型品种,对香菇优良菌株选育具有重要的指导作用。The Lentinula edodes strain“Huxiang F2”and its excellent selfed F2 generation strain“Shenxiang 1504”were used as experimental materials to collect spore monokaryosomes and identify their mating types.The F2 and F3 generation was constructed by the method of spore monokaryon self-mating,and detailed statistical analysis was made of spore monokaryons,F2 and F3 generation at each stage of cultivation,fruiting and important agronomic traits to study the differentiation and genetic law of each trait.The results showed that the ratio of A2B1 mating type of spore monokaryons obtained from the two parents was the highest.According to the number of mating types of spore monokaryons,1028 and 972 self-mating pairs of F2 and F3 were designed respectively.In the two populations,15.47%and 23.56%of the paired combinations were unable to obtain binuclear strains in the pairing stage due to the tardy growth of mycelium,and the unpaired rate in F3 generation was significantly higher than that in F2 generation.During spawn reproduction,the substandard rate of binuclear strains were 7.78%in F2 and 9.57%in F3,and during bag cultivation,the substandard rate of the strains were 41.05%in F2 and 49.28%in F3.The proportion of degenerated strains in F3 generation was significantly higher than that in F2 generation,while the proportion of non-pigmented strains in F3 generation was significantly lower than that in F2 generation.During fruiting stage,respectively 3.11%and 4.32%of the strains in F2 and F3 did not bud,and 13.04%and 4.32%produced abnormal fruiting bodies while 19.5%and 8.95%produced normal fruiting bodies.The proportion producing abnormal fruiting bodies of F2 generation was significantly higher than that of F3 generation.“Huxiang F2”and“Shenxiang 1504”had 26 and 8 spore monokaryons respectively and the hybrids obtained by multiple pairings had probability of producing normal fruiting bodies over 50%.The average yield of single cultivated bag,average number of fruiting bodies per bag and average weight of single

关 键 词：自交群体 孢子单核体 性状分化 频率分布 

分 类 号：S646.12[农业科学—蔬菜学]