不同株距与灌水量对甜玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Plant-spacing and Water-supply on Growth and Water Use of Sweet Corn Plants

作　　者：李建查 潘志贤[1] 李义林 李坤 岳学文[1] 方海东[1] LI Jiancha;PAN Zhixian;LI Yilin;LI Kun;YUE Xuewen;FANG Haidong(Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2021年第12期1406-1413,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技计划重点研发项目(2019BC001)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同株距与灌水量对甜玉米生物量、产量、水分利用效率的影响,探究甜玉米获得高产高效的最佳种植株距与灌水量。【方法】试验设置3个种植株距(20、30、40 cm)和3个灌水量(215、265、365 m^(3)·hm^(−2))处理,对不同株距和灌水量处理的甜玉米个体生物量及其分配、群体经济产量和灌溉水利用效率进行分析。【结果】株距对甜玉米个体生物量有显著影响,灌水量对甜玉米个体生物量分配比例有显著影响,株距与灌水量对甜玉米生物量分配比例有显著交互作用。(1)随着株距增大,甜玉米个体生物量明显增加,株距为40 cm时个体生物量最大;随着灌水量的增加,个体茎生物量和茎比例显著增加;365 m^(3)·hm^(−2)+40 cm组合处理的个体生物量最高,且主成分综合得分最高。(2)随着株距、灌水量增加,叶、茎与地上生物量的异速生长指数先减小后增大,果穗与地上生物量的异速生长指数先增大后减小,果穗–地上生物量的异速生长指数最大的株距为30 cm、灌水量为265 m^(3)·hm^(−2)、组合为265 m^(3)·hm^(−2)+30 cm。(3)甜玉米群体经济产量和灌溉水利用效率均随着株距增大呈现降低趋势,随着灌水量的增加变化均不显著,以265 m^(3)·hm^(−2)+20 cm组合处理的群体经济产量和灌溉水利用效率最高。【结论】365 m^(3)·hm^(−2)+40 cm组合处理的甜玉米个体生物量最大,265 m^(3)·hm^(−2)+30 cm组合处理的甜玉米果穗的生物量分配比例最大,265 m^(3)·hm^(−2)+20 cm组合处理的甜玉米群体经济产量和灌溉水利用效率最高。【Objective】Effects of plant-spacing and water-supply on the biomass,yield,and water use efficiency of sweet corn plants were studied for better irrigation management.【Method】A field experiment including varied plant-spacing(i.e.,20,30,and 40 cm)and amount of water supplied for the irrigation(i.e.,215,265,and 365 m^(3)·hm^(−2))for sweet corn cultivation was conducted to determine their effects on the biomass,yield,and water use efficiency of the plants.【Result】The spacing between individual plants significantly affected the biomass accumulation of each plant;the water-supply for the irrigation significantly altered the biomass allocation on a plant;and the interactions between the plant-spacing and irrigation significantly modified the allocation as well as the distribution of biomass on a plant.(1)As the spacing increased,the biomass increased significantly to reach a maximum at 40 cm separation between two plants.When that was combined with water-supply,both quantity and proportion of stem biomass on a plant significantly increased;and the weight of fresh ears became the largest and the principal component comprehensive score greatest on a plant at the irrigation that provided 365 m^(3)·hm^(−2) of water.(2)The allometric constants of leaf and stem/aboveground biomass rose as the spacing and water-supply decreased and followed by an increase,while that of ear/aboveground biomass being the opposite.Those of ear/aboveground biomass peaked at the combined 30 cm for the spacing and 265 m^(3)·hm^(−2) for the water-supply.Meanwhile,the constants of leaf and stem/aboveground biomass lowered but that of ear/aboveground biomass maxed.(3)Increasing spacing significantly decreased the sweet corn population yield.However,the irrigation did not exert significant effect on either yield or water use efficiency as they were the highest at the 265 m^(3)·hm^(−2)×20 cm combination.【Conclusion】The biomass of a sweet corn plant peaked with the combined treatments of 365 m^(3)·hm^(−2) on water-supply an

关 键 词：株距 灌水量 个体生物量 异速生长 群体经济产量 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]