中国入世廿周年:进口贸易与关税政策的调整与不断完善  

The 20th Anniversary of China’s Accession to the WTO:Adjustment and Continuous Improvement of Import Trade and Tariff Policies

作　　者：李钢[1,2] 叶欣 LI Gang;YE Xin(Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation)

机构地区：[1]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院学术委员会 [2]中国国际贸易学会 [3]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院产业国际化战略研究所

出　　处：《国际贸易》2021年第12期27-33,67,共8页Intertrade

摘　　要：文章在中国入世二十周年之时,系统回顾了中国入世后进口贸易和关税政策的变化,归纳总结了中国入世后实质性、大幅度降低进口关税的主要表现。经过5年过渡期,中国进口关税就已降至《加入议定书》承诺水平,通过采取暂定关税、签订自贸协定、提升海关特殊监管区域贸易额等方式,实质性降低进口关税水平,并进行大范围自主降税。同时,从关税税率、关税实际征收率、关税结构、积极扩大进口的政策文件等来看,十八大以来中国已经实行较为中性的贸易政策。在此背景下,基于新发展格局下构建更高水平的开放型经济体制现实要求,我国应实行更加中性的贸易政策,分步骤自主降低名义关税率,并应以新发展理念审视并推动进口贸易政策与措施的进一步完善,不断丰富进口贸易政策工具箱。On the occasion of the20 th anniversary of China’s accession to the WTO,the article systematically reviews the changes in China’s import trade and tariff policies,and summarizes the main performance of China’s substantive and substantial reduction of import tariffs after its accession to the WTO. After a five-year transition period,China’s import tariffs have been reduced to the level promised in the Protocol on the Accession,and through the adoption of provisional tariffs,the signing of free trade agreements,the increasing of trade in special customs supervision areas,substantially reduce import tariffs,as well as a wide range of independent tariffs reductions. At the same time,from the perspective of tariff rates,actual tariff collection rates,tariff structure,and policy documents for actively expanding imports,China has implemented a more neutral trade policy since the18 th CPC National Congress. In this context,based on the requirement of new system for higher-level open economy under the new development paradigm,China should implement a more neutral trade policy,reduce the nominal tariff rate step by step,examine and promote the further improvement of import trade policies and measures with the new development concept,and continuously enrich the import trade policy toolbox.

关 键 词：对外开放 对外贸易政策 关税政策 新发展格局 

分 类 号：F752.5[经济管理—国际贸易] F812.42[经济管理—产业经济] F752.61