最佳功率负荷下不同力量训练手段骨骼肌输出功率的确定及特征  

Determination and characteristics of skeletal muscle output power in different strength training methods under optimal power load

作　　者：梁美富 郭文霞 赵宁宁 潘磊[3] Liang Meifu;Guo Wenxia;Zhao Ningning;Pan Lei(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Hebei Institute of Sport Science,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei Province,China;College of Art and Physical Education,Hebei Institute of Communications,Shijiazhuang 051430,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]河北省体育科学研究所,河北石家庄050000 [3]河北传媒学院艺术体育学院,河北石家庄051430

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2022年第23期3638-3643,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本21-33),项目负责人:梁美富。

摘　　要：背景:在最佳功率负荷下进行力量训练能实现骨骼肌输出功率的最大化,骨骼肌输出功率的增大能提高运动员的运动表现和大众的健康水平,备受国内外学者和体能教练的青睐。目的:确定不同力量训练手段最佳功率负荷,分析不同力量训练手段最佳功率负荷输出功率特征。方法:选择北京体育大学男性大学生运动员27名,进行半蹲起和卧推抛最大力量测试,利用九轴传感器测试受试者在10%,30%,50%,70%和90%最大力量负荷下的输出功率。结果与结论:①半蹲起的最佳功率负荷为70%最大力量,其平均输出功率和最大输出功率均显著高于10%,30%,50%最大力量(P<0.01);半蹲起输出功率与最大速度呈高度相关(r=0.84-0.87,P<0.01),与平均速度和平均力呈中度相关(r=0.50-0.68,P<0.01),与最大力量呈低度相关(r=0.40,P<0.05);②卧推抛的最佳功率负荷为70%最大力量,其平均输出功率显著高于10%最大力量(P<0.01)、30%最大力量(P<0.05)和90%最大力量(P<0.01);卧推抛输出功率与平均速度、最大速度、最大力呈高度相关(r=0.70-0.84,P<0.01),与平均力和最大力量呈中度相关(r=0.57-0.70,P<0.01),与体质量和训练年限呈低度相关(r=0.40-0.46,P<0.05);③结果表明,大学生运动员半蹲起和卧推抛的最佳功率负荷均值为70%最大力量,由于个体生理学和训练学差异性,骨骼肌精确的最佳功率负荷仍需进一步测量;提高大学生运动员骨骼肌的最大输出功率时,发展骨骼肌收缩速度优先于发展骨骼肌收缩力。BACKGROUND:Strength training under the optimal power load can maximize skeletal muscle output power.The increase of skeletal muscle output power can improve athletes’sports performance and public health level,which is favored by scholars and physical coaches at home and abroad.OBJECTIVE:To determine the optimal power load of different strength training methods and analyze the output power characteristics.METHODS:Twenty-seven male college athletes from Beijing Sport University were recruited for testing 1 repetition maximum(1RM)of half squat and bench press throw.Nine axis sensors were used to test the output power characteristics of subjects under the maximum power loads of 10%,30%,50%,70%,and 90%.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The optimal power load of half squat was 70%1RM,and its mean output power and maximum output power were significantly higher than 10%1RM,30%1RM,and 50%1RM(P<0.01).The output power of half squat was highly correlated with the maximum velocity(r=0.84-0.87,P<0.01),moderately correlated with the mean velocity and mean force(r=0.50-0.68,P<0.01),and low correlated with 1RM(r=0.40,P<0.05).The optimal power load of bench press throw was 70%1RM,and its mean output power was significantly higher than 10%1RM(P<0.01),30%1RM(P<0.05),and 90%1RM(P<0.01).The output power of bench press was highly correlated with the mean velocity,maximum velocity and maximum power(r=0.70-0.84,P<0.01),moderately correlated with the mean force and 1RM(r=0.57-0.70,P<0.01),and low correlated with body mass and training years(r=0.40-0.46,P<0.05).To conclude,the mean value of the optimal power load of half squat and bench press throw of college athletes is 70%1RM.Due to the difference of individual physiology and training,the accurate optimal power load of skeletal muscle still needs further measurement.To improve the maximum output power of skeletal muscle,developing skeletal muscle contraction velocity is prior to developing skeletal muscle contraction force in college athletes.

关 键 词：骨骼肌 力量训练 最佳功率负荷 半蹲起 卧推抛 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R496[医药卫生—临床医学]