唐斯民主理论中的信息因素  

Information Factors in Anthony Downs's An Economic Theory of Democracy

作　　者：程同顺[1] 鲍润南 CHENG Tong-shun;BAO Run-nan(Zhou Enlai School of Government Management,NanKai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期11-16,共6页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：天津市社科规划重点委托项目“全过程人民民主的天津实践与创新”(TJWT21-07)。

摘　　要：唐斯在其民主理论中,把经济学中的理性人运用于分析政治主体,认为政治主体都会追求政治利益的最大化。在政治主体进行理性选择的过程中,信息因素对政府、政党、选民的理性选择起着关键性作用。由于不确定性和信息成本的存在,理性的政府可能会进行从穷人向富人的收入再分配,民主制度的政府政策几乎总是倾向于迎合制造商,反对消费者。唐斯民主理论中的信息因素给我们的启示是:信息本身具有主观选择的偏见性,过高的信息成本会带来政治冷漠,信息不对称会导致政治不平等和当前西方民主的困境。Anthony Downs applies rational man in economics to analyze political subjects in his book An Economic Theory of Democracy,and believes that political subjects will pursue the maximization of political benefits.In the process of rational choice of political subjects,information factors play a key role in the rational choice of the government,political parties,and voters.Due to the existence of uncertainty and information costs,a rational government may redistribute income from the poor to the rich,and democratic government policies almost always tend to cater to manufacturers and oppose consumers.The enlightenment of the information factor in Downs'democratic theory is:information itself has the bias of subjective choice,too high information cost will bring political indifference,and information asymmetry will lead to political inequality and the current predicament of western democracy.

关 键 词：唐斯 理性人 民主 信息 不确定性 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]