乡村人才振兴:问题、路向与治理对策——兼论“新三农”引培  

Revitalization of Rural Talents:Nature,Direction and Countermeasure——Concurrent Discussion on the Introducing and Training of New Issues of Agriculture

作　　者：彭万勇[1] 王刚毅 谷继建 范晓[1] PENG Wanyong;WANG Gangyi;GU Jijian;FAN Xiao(Chongqing Rural Revitalization Research Institute, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Chongqing 402160;Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing 402247)

机构地区：[1]重庆文理学院重庆乡村振兴研究院,重庆402160 [2]重庆交通职业学院,重庆402247

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2022年第1期10-21,共12页Journal of Mianyang Teachers＇ College

基　　金：重庆教委科技项目“重庆乡村人才培训体系构建及其靶向政策供给研究”(KJQN202001349);重庆市教育综合改革研究课题“高等学校耕读教育策略研究”(21JGY17);国家社科基金项目“长江经济带新型农业经营主体引导农业供给侧结构性调整研究”(16XJY011)。

摘　　要：在乡村振兴基本框架与内容体系中,“人才”在五大要素中具有非常独特的地位,担负着不可或缺、不可替代的功能和使命。文章基于第三次全国农业普查主要统计数据及农业农村部2018年“百乡万户调查”实录资料,分析认为“老人农业”“女性农业”“农盲农业”是农业从业人员数量结构、质量结构与年龄结构多重失衡诱致的结果,并体征出“老农”因循守旧、年老体衰,“新农”返乡率低且难留得住,“知农”数量偏少且立地性差等问题,导致乡村人才振兴困难重重。在农业农村优先发展逻辑框架下,厘清乡村人才引培过程、结构要素与运行机制,需要构建乡村人才振兴的制度框架、政策体系,并搭建精准靶向的人才引培实现模式,诸如建立农民大学并创新学制、健全务农兴业激励机制、建立校地结对发展机制、提升农村公共服务水平等策略。In the basic framework and content system of rural revitalization,"talent"will play a unique role among the five elements,and take the indispensable and irreplaceable functions and responsibilities.Based on the main statistical data of the third National Agricultural Census and the actual data of the"2018 Survey of Thousand Households in One Million Townships"by the National Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,this paper analyzed that the"aging agriculture","women agriculture"and"agriculture of unintelligible people"were caused by multiple imbalances in the number,quality and age structure of agricultural workers.Moreover,there are some problems,such as the old famers always follow the beaten track and are becoming weak with age,new famers are unwilling to go back and work in the country,and there are few educated farmers with good site suitability,which impeded rural talent revitalization.Under the logic framework of prioritizing agricultural and rural development,it is necessary to establish an institutional framework and policy system for rural talent revitalization and a targeted talent introduction and training implementation model to clarify the process,structural elements and operation mechanism of rural talent introduction and training,such strategies as establishing farmers'colleges and innovating the educational system,perfecting the incentive mechanism for agricultural development,establishing the development mechanism based on the combination of colleges and local governments,improving the level of rural public services,etc.

关 键 词：乡村人才振兴 “新三农” 路向与逻辑 引培对策 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]