溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对家蚕的急性毒性及残毒期比较  

Comparison of Acute and Residual Toxicity of Cyantraniliprole and Chlorantraniliprole Against Silkworm, Bombyx mori

作　　者：潘美良 杨一平 戴建忠 钱秋杰 孙海燕 陈伟国 Pan Meiliang;Yang Yiping;Dai Jianzhong;Qian Qiujie;Sun Haiyan;Chen Weiguo(Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 310020,China;Haining Economic Crop Technical Service Station,Haining Zhejiang 314400,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业技术推广中心,杭州310020 [2]海宁市经济作物技术服务站,浙江海宁314400

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2021年第6期589-594,共6页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2018XTTGCS01);浙江省蚕桑产业团队技术项目(浙农科发[2018]13号)。

摘　　要：溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺都属于双酰胺类新型杀虫剂,广泛应用于农作物害虫防治。为明确二者对家蚕的毒性差异,测定溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对家蚕的急性毒性、桑叶上的残毒期、桑叶内吸毒性和土壤内吸毒性。结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对家蚕3龄幼虫的LC;分别为0.290 6 mg/L和0.016 8 mg/L,对家蚕均为剧毒,且氯虫苯甲酰胺的毒性是溴氰虫酰胺的17.3倍。10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂和200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂分别加水稀释1 000、2 000、4 000倍,喷雾处理桑叶后对家蚕3龄幼虫的残毒期均大于90 d;2种双酰胺类杀虫剂均可通过桑根和桑叶吸收并传导至未喷洒药液的桑叶,对家蚕仍有很强的毒性,氯虫苯甲酰胺的内吸毒性强于溴氰虫酰胺。氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的桑树,伐条后的新生桑叶中仍然有很强的残留毒性,而溴氰虫酰胺在伐条后未见对家蚕的残留毒性。家蚕幼虫对溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺的中毒症状相似,先后表现出拒食、吐液、静伏假死、蚕体缩短等症状。由于溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对家蚕均为剧毒,且残毒期很长,应严防污染桑园,避免家蚕中毒事故发生。Cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole, both belonging to new diamide insecticides, have been widely used in crop pest control. To define their toxicity differences to silkworms, the acute feeding toxicity, residual toxicity on mulberry leaves, systemic toxicity in mulberry leaves and systemic toxicity in soil were determined. Results showed that the LC;values of cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole to the 3 rd instar silkworm larvae were 0.290 6 mg/L and 0.016 8 mg/L, respectively, indicating their highly toxicity to silkworms. The acute feeding toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the 3 rd instar silkworm larvae was 17.3 times that of cyantraniliprole. The residual toxicity to the 3 rd instar silkworm larvae were more than 90 d after spraying on mulberry leaves with 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspension agent and 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole suspension agent, both were diluted 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 times, respectively. Both cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole also showed high toxicity against silkworms by absorbing and transforming from the mulberry roots and leaves to the unsprayed mulberry leaves. The systemic toxicity of chlorantraniliprole was higher than that of cyantraniliprole. The residual toxicity of chlorantraniliprole in the new mulberry leaves remained high after the chlorantraniliprole-treated mulberry being shoot cut. However, the corresponding residual toxicity of cyantraniliprole was not observed in this study. The poisoning symptoms of cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole to silkworm larva were similar, which showed food refusal, fluid vomiting, suspended animation and body shortening successively. To avoid the poisoning accidents, it is suggested to prevent the cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole pollution in the mulberry fields based on their high and long residual toxicity to silkworm larvae.

关 键 词：溴氰虫酰胺 氯虫苯甲酰胺 家蚕 急性毒性 内吸毒性 残毒期 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学] S884.96[农业科学—植物保护]