中国制造业智能化驱动因素及其区域差异  

Driving Factors and Regional Differences of Intelligent Manufacturing in China

作　　者：刘军[1,2] 钱宇 曹雅茹 李廉水 Liu Jun;Qian Yu;Cao Yaru;Li Lianshui(China Institute of Manufacturing Development,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Management Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学中国制造业发展研究院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学管理工程学院,江苏南京210044 [3]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2022年第1期84-93,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“产业共生集聚对中国经济绿色增长的影响机理与政策设计研究”(71973068);“基于‘互联网+’的中国制造业转型升级研究”(71673145);江苏省社会科学基金重大项目“江苏制造业‘智能化’转型升级研究”(18ZD003);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“制造业智能化对我国就业的影响:机制与对策研究”(19YJA790055)。

摘　　要：制造业智能化是推动制造业高质量发展的重要路径。本文界定了制造业智能化内涵,构建包括基础投入、生产应用、市场效益三个维度13项指标的评价体系,综合运用层次分析法和熵值法确定权重,测算2010—2016年中国制造业智能化水平,从宏观及企业微观等层面实证检验制造业智能化的驱动因素。结果表明:在智能化评价指标体系中,基础投入层和生产应用层所占权重较高,发挥主要作用;制造业智能化具有明显的空间异质性,呈现出东、中、西部依次递减的梯度分布态势;创新能力、用工成本、政策扶持等是制造业智能化的重要驱动因素,其中创新能力是驱动东部智能化的主要因素,而成本压力是中西部地区智能化转型的主要因素。Intelligent manufacturing is an important path to promote the high-quality development of manufacturing.This paper defines the connotation of manufacturing intelligence,builds an evaluation system of 13 indicators including basic input,production application,and market benefit.We use the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to determine weights,and calculates China's manufacturing intelligence from 2010 to 2016.It empirically tests the driving factors of manufacturing intelligence from the macro level and the enterprise micro level.The results show that in the intelligent evaluation index system,the basic input layer and the production application layer occupy a higher weight and play a major role.The intelligentization of China's manufacturing industry has obvious spatial heterogeneity,showing a trend of descending gradient distribution in the east,middle and west.Innovation ability,labor cost,policy support,etc.are important driving factors for the intelligentization of the manufacturing industry.Among them,innovation ability is the main factor driving the intelligentization of the east,and cost pressure is the main factor for the intelligent transformation of the central and western regions.

关 键 词：制造业智能化 驱动因素 区域差异 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]