油茶截枝复壮产量效益评价  

Evaluation on yield efficiency of Camellia oleifera interception and strengthening

作　　者：康金林 丁智红 黄贤斌 李春花 魏本柱 王兰英 Kang Jinlin;Ding Zhihong;Huang Xianbin;Li Chunhua;Wei Benzhu;Wang Lanying(Ganzhou Institute of Forestry Science,Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣州市林业科学研究所,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2021年第6期50-54,共5页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“油茶低产林综合改造技术推广示范”(项目编号:JXTG〔2021〕-12);赣州市重点研发计划项目“油茶园艺化高产栽培技术集成示范”(项目编号:赣市科发〔2019〕27号)。

摘　　要：为研究老龄化油茶截枝复壮产量效益,以‘赣州油’系列50 a树龄油茶为研究对象,分年度和品种进行主干100~120 cm处截枝处理,截口涂抹林木长效保护剂和凡士林进行防病保水,以未截枝作对照组。连续跟踪调查截枝组和未截枝组产量,记录投入和产出数据,2020年测定截枝组和未截枝组单果特征。截枝后3 a开始有收成,鲜果产量达228.80 kg·667m-2,与未截枝处理相当,截枝后5年进入盛产。截枝对油茶果实性状影响比较明显,截枝后果实性状明显高于未截枝油茶;不同品种的果实性状对截枝的反映效果基本一致,‘GLS赣州油1号’‘赣州油1号’和‘赣州油7号’的单果鲜重、果实横径、出籽率、出油率等均比未截枝处理高;截枝后树体病虫害发生率下降;截枝后第4年回本,第5年进入高产,收入保持在4000元·667m-2以上。截枝复壮是一项切实有效的油茶低产林改造技术,能够短期内提高油茶产量和茶果质量,并且改造投入不高,后期收益可观。In order to study the yield efficiency of lopping rejuvenation aging Camellia oleifera,′ganzhouyou′series 50 years old trees were taken as the research object.The trees were lopping at 100~120 cm by years and varieties,and then applied long-term protective agent and Vaseline for water prevention,and the not looping trees were taken as control.Continuous tracking looping and not looping group production,input and output data were recorded,and single fruit characteristics of pruned and unpruned groups were measured in 2020.The yield of fresh fruit reached 228.80 kg·667m-23 years after looping,which was equivalent to that of not looping group,and the looping group came into full period after 5 years.The fruit character of C.oleifera after looping was significantly higher than that of not looping C.oleifera.The effect of fruit characters on pruning was basically the same among different varieties.′GLS Ganzhouyou 1′′Ganzhouyou 1′and′Ganzhouyou 7′had higher fresh fruit weight,fruit diameter,seed yield and oil yield than not looping group.The incidence of tree diseases and insect pests decreased after lopping.In the fourth year after lopping,it withdraw the cost,and in the fifth year,it entered high yield,and the income remained above 4000 yuan·667m-2.Lopping and rejuvenation technology is a practical and effective reconstruction method of low-yield C.oleifera forest,which can improve the yield of C.oleifera and the quality of tea fruit in a short time,and the reconstruction investment is not high,and the later income is considerable.

关 键 词：油茶 截枝 复壮 低产林 

分 类 号：S749.4[农业科学—林学] F326[经济管理—产业经济]