中国海域前新生代地层分布及其油气勘查方向  

Distribution of Pre-Cenozoic strata and petroleum prospecting directions in China Seas

作　　者：陈建文[1,2,3,4] 杨长清 张莉[5] 钟广见 王建强[1,2] 吴飘[1,2] 梁杰[1,2] 张银国 蓝天宇 薛路[1,3] CHEN Jianwen;YANG Changqing;ZHANG Li;ZHONG Guangjian;WANG Jianqiang;WU Piao;LIANG Jie;ZHANG Yinguo;LAN Tianyu;XUE Lu(Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,Qingdao 266237,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;College of Oceangraphy,Hohai University,Nanjing 213022,China;College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 510075,China;School of Geosciecnes,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China;College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266237 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,青岛266237 [3]河海大学海洋学院,南京213022 [4]山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,青岛266590 [5]广州海洋地质调查局,广州510075 [6]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,青岛266580 [7]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2022年第1期1-25,共25页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家专项海洋地质调查项目(DD20190818,DD20190211,DD20190212,DD20190213,DD20211353,DD20160152,DD20160153,DD20160154,DD20160155);国家自然科学基金面上项目“南黄海崂山隆起二叠系储层油气成藏破坏与流体演化过程还原研究”(42076220);国家自然科学基金青年基金“二连盆地下白垩统富火山组分的咸水湖相烃源岩地质地球化学特征及其有机质富集机制”(42102188);山东省自然科学基金面上项目“南黄海盆地崂山隆起石炭系油气保存条件的主控因素分析”(ZR2020MD071);山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目“二连盆地下白垩统小型断陷湖盆的咸化特征及其有机质富集机制”(ZR2021QD095);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室“十四五”重大科技项目课题(2021QNLM020001-01,2021QNLM020001-04)。

摘　　要：经过60年的油气调查与勘探,随着中国近海新生代盆地的勘探程度不断提高,油气发现难度逐渐加大,海洋油气勘探新领域的开拓成为当务之急。近年来的调查与勘探发现,中国海域前新生代盆地残留地层具有如下特征:(1)厚度大,一般为4 000~6 000 m,最大厚度超过9 000 m;(2)分布广,有渤海、北黄海、南黄海、东海-南海北部和南海南部5大分布区;(3)存在新元古界、下古生界、上古生界、中生界"下部层系"、中生界"中部层系"和中生界"上部层系"6套地层;(4)可划分东海-南海型和渤海-黄海型两类层型结构,前者仅由"单一"的中生代地层组成,后者由新元古界-古生界-中生界"叠合"构成;(5)发育下寒武统、下志留统、石炭系、二叠系、侏罗系和白垩系6套烃源岩,其中下寒武统、下志留统和二叠系烃源岩有机质丰度高,侏罗系烃源岩分布最广;(6)具有孔隙型、裂缝改造型和风化壳型3类储层,其中,孔隙型储层包括白云岩、礁滩相碳酸盐岩和砂岩储层,裂缝型储层与大型断裂带和挤压构造带伴生,风化壳储层可分前寒武系变质岩和混合花岗岩、古生代碳酸盐岩、中生代火山岩以及花岗岩、中生代碎屑岩4亚类,其物性及分布主要受构造作用、风化淋滤作用和埋藏条件3种因素控制;(7)具备"古生古储"、"古生中储"、"古生新储"、"中生中储"、"中生新储"和"上生下储"6类成藏组合。综合分析认为:中国海域前新生界油气前景广阔,南黄海海相中-古生界、东海南部-南海北部海域中生界、新生代富生烃凹陷内的潜山是中国海洋油气下一步勘查方向;北黄海盆地坳陷区的中生界和渤海海域的前新生界"自生自储"油气藏值得重视。After 60 years of oil and gas investigation and exploration, the exploration degree of Cenozoic basins and the difficulty of oil and gas discovery in offshore China has increased, and the development of new fields for offshore oil and gas exploration has become an urgent task.Surveys and explorations in recent years have found that characteristics of the residual strata in the Pre-Cenozoic basins in offshore China could be summarized as follows:(1) Huge thickness. The thickness of the Pre-Cenozoic varies in the range of 4 000~6 000 m with a maximum over 9 000 m;(2) Wide distribution. Pre-Cenozoic Strata are found in five major areas, i.e. the Bohai Sea, the North Yellow Sea, the South Yellow Sea, the East China Sea–the northern South China Sea and the southern South China Sea from north to south;(3) Six sets of strata, which include the Neoproterozoic, the Lower Paleozoic, the Upper Paleozoic, the Lower Mesozoic, the Middle Mesozoic, and the Upper Mesozoic;(4) Two types of stratigraphic architectures, i.e. the type of East China Sea-South China Sea composed only by the Mesozoic, and the type of Bohai-Yellow Sea superimposed by the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic;(5) Six sets of source rocks, which include the Lower Cambrian, the Lower Silurian, the Carboniferous, the Permian, the Jurassic, and the Cretaceous source rocks, among which the Lower Cambrian, the Lower Silurian,and the Permian source rocks have the highest organic matter content, and the Jurassic source rocks distribute the most widely;(6) Three kinds of reservoirs, namely the porous reservoirs, the fracture-modified reservoirs, and the weathering crust reservoirs. The porous reservoirs mainly consist of dolomite, reef-bank carbonate, and sandstone, and the fracture-modified reservoirs are often associated with large fault zones and/or compressive structural zones, and the weathering crust reservoirs can be further divided into four sub-types: Precambrian metamorphic rocks and magmatic granite, Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Mesozoic volcanic roc

关 键 词：中国海域 前新生界 地层分布 油气勘查方向 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]