北京市通州区学龄儿童主观体型认知与减重行为分析  

Study on the relationship between body image perception and weight control behaviors among children and adolescents aged 6 to 13 years in Tongzhou district of Beijing

作　　者：苏彦萍[1] 王鹏[1] 江南[1] 高静[1] 王双[1] 王艳春[1] SU Yan-ping;WANG Peng;JIANG Nan;GAO Jing;WANG Shuang;WANG Yan-chun(Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101100,China.)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心,北京101100

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2022年第1期75-80,87,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解学龄儿童及其家长对学生体型认知和体质指数(BMI)评价结果的相关性,为预防和控制儿童青少年肥胖提供参考。方法2018-04/05采用方便抽样和分层整群抽样相结合的方法,选择北京市通州区城镇、农村中小学校各4所,调查对象为6~13岁学龄儿童及其家长,通过调查问卷收集对学龄儿童体型的评价,体格检查测量身高、体重。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行χ^(2)检验,分析体型认知与BMI评价指标的相关率。检验准为α=0.05。结果2411名中小学生肥胖检出率为36.42%。自我评价为肥胖的占25.88%,家长评价为肥胖的为26.61%。不同性别之间BMI评价(χ^(2)=46.004,P<0.001)、自我评价(χ^(2)=26.621,P<0.001)及家长评价(χ^(2)=38.787,P<0.001)差异有统计学意义。自我评价和家长评价与BMI指标相关率分别为44.46%、44.71%。肥胖儿童被自我及家长低估的比例分别为36.56%、34.74%。肥胖人群控制体重的比例为68.68%,不同性别、年龄之间控制体重比例差异有统计学意义(性别:χ^(2)=4.724,P=0.031;年龄:χ^(2)=9.632,P=0.022)。结论学龄儿童体体型自我评价、家长评价与BMI评价结果相关性较差,肥胖低估是体型认知的主要问题。应积极改善学生和家长对体型认知偏倚,促进儿童青少年身心健康。Objective To examine the correlation between somatotypes cognition and body mass index(BMI)evaluation among school-age children and their parents,and to provide reference for prevention and control of obesity in school-age children.Methods The survey was conducted by using both random samples cluster and convenient sampling methods for students aged 6 to 13 years old and their parents who were selected from 4 primary and 4 secondary schools in each urban and rural areas in Tongzhou district of Beijing from April to May,2018.The questionnaire included the evaluation of cognition of student′s somatotypes,also their height and weight were measured by physical examination,and the correlation rate between somatotype cognition and BMI were tested by using SPSS 21.0 software for Chi-square test.The test level wasα=0.05.Results The prevalence of obesity was 36.42%,while 25.88%of the primary and secondary school students reported obese by themselves,and 26.61%of the parents reported that their children were obese.There were significant differences in BMI(χ^(2)=46.004,P<0.001),self-evaluation(χ^(2)=26.621,P<0.001)and parents′evaluation(χ^(2)=38.787,P<0.001),and the correlation rates of self-evaluation and parents′evaluation were 44.46%and 44.71%,respectively.The proportion of obese children underestimated by themselves and their parents was 36.56%and 34.74%,respectively.The proportion of weight control among obese children was 68.68%,and the difference was statistical significant in the proportion of weight control between different genders and ages(genders:χ^(2)=4.724,P=0.031;ages:χ^(2)=9.632,P=0.022).Conclusions The results of children's body shape self-evaluation,parents′evaluation and BMI evaluation are poor consistent.Obesity underestimation is the main problem of body shape cognition.The cognitive bias of students and their parents on somatotypes should be improved,and also the physical and metal health of children and adolescents should be promoted.

关 键 词：体型 体质指数 认知 学龄儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]