基于PSA分析事故序列场内工作人员辐射风险研究  

Research on Radiation Risk of On-Site Workers Based on PSA Accident Sequence

作　　者：周静 吕炜枫 冉文王 宫权 熊军 Zhou Jing;Lyu Weifeng;Ran Wenwang;Gong Quan;Xiong Jun(China Nuclear Power Design Co.,Ltd.,(Shenzhen),Shanghai,200241,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳中广核工程设计有限公司,上海200241

出　　处：《核动力工程》2022年第1期215-220,共6页Nuclear Power Engineering

摘　　要：从总风险控制的角度,提出了事故工况下场内工作人员剂量与辐射风险接受准则,并建立了相应的评估方法。以典型压水堆核电厂为例,采用概率安全分析(PSA)的全范围事故序列进行验证评价,评估了典型压水堆核电厂事故后场内工作人员的辐射剂量与辐射致死风险。通过验证结果可知,事故后场内工作人员总的辐射致死风险远低于公众由于自然灾害、疾病、交通事故及不同行业的总死亡风险值;事故后工作人员在燃料厂房进行操作时的辐射致死风险占比最高,故工作人员在燃料厂房进行相关操作时,可提前制定相应的辐射防护措施来降低辐射风险;工作群组中其他人员和意外受照人员事故后辐射致死风险占比较高,可通过采用气面罩等方式对气载放射性进行防护以降低其辐射风险。相应的分析结果可为后续核电厂事故后处理方案的制定和事故后场内工作人员辐射防护措施的制定提供借鉴。From the perspective of total risk control, the dose and radiation risk acceptance criteria of on-site workers under accident conditions are put forward, and the corresponding assessment methods are established. Taking a typical PWR nuclear power plant as an example, the full-scope accident sequence of probabilistic safety analysis(PSA) was used for verification and assessment, and the radiation dose and the risk of radiation lethality of on-site workers after a typical PWR nuclear power plant accident were assessed. The verification results show that the total radiation lethality risk of the on-site workers after the accident is much lower than the total death risk value of the public due to natural disasters, diseases, traffic accidents and different industries;After the accident, the radiation lethality risk accounts for the highest proportion when the workers operate in the fuel building. Therefore, when the workers carry out relevant operations in the fuel building, they can formulate corresponding radiation protection measures in advance to reduce the radiation risk;Other personnel in the working group and accidental exposure personnel account for a relatively high risk of radiation lethality after the accident, airborne radioactivity can be protected by air masks and other methods to reduce its radiation risk. The corresponding analysis results can provide reference for the formulation of the post-accident treatment plan of the nuclear power plant and the radiation protection measures for the on-site workers after the accident.

关 键 词：概率安全分析(PSA) 事故工况 辐射风险 压水堆核电厂 

分 类 号：TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用]