青藏高原及周边地区气溶胶、云和水汽收支研究进展  

An Overview of the Aerosol and Cloud Properties and Water Vapor Budget over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：黄建平[1] 刘玉芝[2] 王天河 阎虹如 李积明 何永利 HUANG Jianping;LIU Yuzhi;WANG Tianhe;YAN Hongru;LI Jiming;HE Yongli(Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,兰州大学,甘肃兰州730000 [2]半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州大学,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第6期1225-1240,共16页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2006010301);国家自然科学基金项目(91937302,41521004);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2020-kb02)。

摘　　要：青藏高原作为"亚洲水塔",对东亚乃至全球气候有着重要影响。本文介绍了中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项"泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设"子课题3"气溶胶-云互馈对西风季风水汽输送的影响"研究的主要结果。针对青藏高原为核心的泛第三极地区,项目研究结果主要包括:(1)沙尘、污染沙尘、抬升烟尘和污染性大陆气溶胶/烟尘是泛第三极地区最主要的气溶胶类型,其中沙尘的排放和输送对青藏高原西部和柴达木盆地大气热力结构的影响非常显著;(2)高原过冷水云的发生频率及其在高原能量收支中的作用比暖水云高,降水主要是由冰云和混合相云产生的,尤其是在暖季。虽然高原大气呈现暖湿化趋势,但水汽收入增多并不能弥补地表水资源由于增温的流失,高原东部水循环呈减弱趋势,而西部水循环则相反。(3)黑碳气溶胶使南亚夏季风减弱、东亚夏季风增强,高原西部西风增强,东部西风减弱;净效应是使高原变得更暖更湿。使高原东侧输出水汽减少,南侧输入减少,西侧输入增加,北侧输入减少。另外,高原上空受沙尘污染影响的对流云东移,与局地对流云团合并,可导致长江流域和华北地区降水增加。总体来说,气溶胶可直接影响辐射,或间接通过作为云的凝结核,或者影响云生成所需的热力结构来改变高原云的宏、微观特性,以此进一步影响到高原地区的地表能量收支和大气加热率廓线,并最终影响环流系统和高原的水汽收支。上述结果作为中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项的部分研究内容,可揭示影响青藏高原及周边地区水分循环的物理机制,加深理解气溶胶-云相互作用对高原水循环过程的影响机理,为提高空中水资源开发利用效率提供重要的科学依据和理论指导。Acting as the“Asian water tower”,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)can significantly influence the East Asian and global climate. This paper introduces some preliminary results of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. XDA2006010301). Focusing on the Pan Third Pole centered by the QXP,the dominant results include:(1)Dust,polluted dust,elevated smoke and polluted continental aerosols are the most important types over the Pan-Third Pole region. Among them,the dust emission and transport can significantly affect the atmospheric thermodynamic structure over the western QXP and the Qaidam Basin.(2)The occurrence frequency of supercooled water clouds and its role in adjusting the energy budget are greater than those of warm water clouds over the QXP. Precipitation is mainly produced by ice clouds and mixed phase clouds,especially in warm season. Although the QXP is warming and wetting,the water vapor arriving from outside the QXP could not effectively replenish the surface water storage,the water cycle over the eastern part of the QXP shows a weakening trend,while the one over the western part indicates opposite trend.(3)Due to the black carbon(BC),a weak South Asian Summer monsoon is induced,leading less water vapor transported from the Indian Ocean to the QXP. Besides,BC addition can induce an intensified East Asian Summer monsoon significantly,consequently,more water vapor is transported from the east of QXP. Overall,due to the BC,the net water vapor is positive over the QXP,implying a net import of water vapor from the surroundings to the QXP. The eastward movement of convective clouds polluted by dusts over the QXP can merge with the local cloud clustering,leading to an intensified precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin and North China. In general,aerosols can directly affect radiation,or indirectly change the macro and micro characteristics of clouds by acting as cloud condensation nuclei,or by affecting the thermal structure required for cloud formation,thereby furthe

关 键 词：青藏高原 气溶胶 云 水汽 

分 类 号：P401[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]