青藏高原陆气相互作用对东亚区域气候影响的研究进展  

Progress in the Study of Influence of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Land Atmosphere Interaction on East Asia Regional Climate

作　　者：赖欣 范广洲 华维 丁旭 LAI Xin;FAN Guangzhou;HUA Wei;DING Xu(College of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Joint Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change,Chengdu University1 of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control Bureau of Xinjiang Meteorological Center,Urumqi 830016,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院/高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室/气候与环境变化联合实验室,四川成都610225 [2]中国民用航空新疆空中交通管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐830016

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第6期1263-1277,共15页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42075081,42075019,41905008);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1505702);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0105,2019QZKK010203)。

摘　　要：青藏高原陆气相互作用对东亚区域天气气候有重要影响,其中高原植被及热力作用的气候效应是高原陆气相互作用的两个重要内容。本文总结了高原植被和陆-气水热交换的变化特征,高原植被及热力作用对高原季风、东亚季风和东亚区域气候影响的研究成果。结果表明:(1)高原归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)、植被覆盖度和植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Production,NPP)呈从东南向西北减少的趋势。近几十年,高原NDVI、植被覆盖度和NPP总体上呈上升趋势,西藏东南部年平均和生长季平均叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)均呈增加趋势。(2)高原感热在20世纪80年代以后呈显著减弱趋势,夏季高原大部分地区地表潜热通量呈增加趋势。(3)高原植被与高原地表热源之间呈显著正相关关系。当高原植被退化成荒漠,会减少地表吸收的净辐射,减弱地表热源,导致南亚高压位置偏西,西太平洋副高减弱,中国南方和东北地区降水增加,北方地区降水减少。(4)当高原大气热源偏强(弱)时,高原夏季风偏强(弱)。高原大气热源与东亚夏季风的建立和维持密切相关。4-5月中旬高原加热效应使大气柱增温,有利于四周大气向高原汇合及热带暖湿气流北上,导致南海夏季风爆发。高原加热作用也有利于南海夏季风的维持。近几十年高原春季感热减弱,造成我国东部降水北方异常偏少、南方异常偏多。高原上空各层年平均大气温度与高原夏季风显著相关。在年际、年代际尺度上,当高原对流层低层至中上部升温而对流层上部降温时,我国江南和华南夏季降水显著偏多,东北降水显著偏少。The land atmosphere interaction over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)has important influences on the weather and climate of East Asia,and the climate effect of vegetation and thermodynamic processes over the TP are two major topics. This paper provides a review on variation characteristics of the QXP vegetation and land atmosphere water and heat exchange,influence of the QXP vegetation and thermodynamic processes on the QXP monsoon and East Asian monsoon and regional climate of East Asia. The results show that:(1)The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),vegetation coverage and Net Primary Production(NPP)over the QXP decreased from southeast to northwest. Generally,in recent decades the NDVI,vegetation coverage and NPP increased over the QXP,Annual Leaf Area Index(LAI)and LAI in the growing season increased over southeast Tibet.(2)The Sensible Heat(SH)flux over the QXP significantly decreased since 1980. The Latent Heat(LE)flux over the QXP significantly increased in summer from 2000 to 2016.(3)The QXP vegetation has significant and positive correlations with QXP surface heat source. The degradation of vegetation to desert over the QXP decreased the net radiation absorbed by the surface,weakening the surface heat source,leading to a westward extending of the south Asia high and a weakening of the western Pacific subtropical high. As a result,Precipitation in southern and northeastern China increased,and precipitation in northern China decreased.(4)When the QXP atmospheric heat source is strong(weak),the QXP summer monsoon is strong(weak). The QXP heat source is closely correlated with the establishment and maintenance of the East Asian summer monsoon. QXP heating effect make air column warming from April to mid-May,and it is beneficial to the surrounding air converging to the QXP and tropical warm-moist air proceeding northward,leading to the outbreak of the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon. The QXP heating effect is also beneficial to maintaining the SCS summer monsoon.The QXP SH flux decreased in recent

关 键 词：青藏高原 植被 热源 区域气候 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]