一次中尺度对流系统层云区域的电场探空观测和电荷结构研究  

Study on the Charge Structure in the Stratiform Region of a Mesoscale Convective System based on in-situ Electric Field Observation

作　　者：张鸿波[1,2] 郄秀书 刘明远[1,3] 蒋如斌 陆高鹏[5] 陈志雄 孙竹玲[1] 刘瑞婷 李进梁[1] 郑天雪 陈洪滨 ZHANG Hongbo;QIEXiushu;LIU Mingyuan;JIANG Rubin;LUGaopeng;CHEN Zhixiong;SUNZhuling;LIU Ruiting;LI Jinliang;ZHENG Tianxue;CHEN Hongbin(Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;School of earth and space sciences.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,Anhui,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,Fujian,China;Institute of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [5]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [6]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350117 [7]北京城市气象研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第6期1531-1541,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41630425,41805004);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1501502);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC007);北京市自然科学基金项目(8204060);灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2018LASW-B07)。

摘　　要：基于自主获取的双金属球电场探空仪穿云观测数据,结合地面大气电场、天气雷达、闪电定位等综合观测资料,对华北平原地区一次中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System,MCS)层云区域内的探空电场和电荷结构进行研究。探空系统上升和下降阶段均处于该MCS层云区域中,此时雷暴正处于成熟阶段。完整的上升阶段探空数据表明,该MCS层云区域内存在6个正、负极性交替的电荷区,主正电荷区的高度范围为8.2~9.5 km,对应温度层-20~-14℃;主负电荷区高度范围为7.4~8.2 km(-14~-10℃);紧靠下方为一个薄正电荷区;最上方为一负极性电荷屏蔽区;0℃层附近有一对正、负极性电荷区。探空下降阶段(间隔约1 h)获取的层云区域电荷分布与上升阶段大致对应,但电荷层所处高度以及厚度和电荷密度均有所差异。Based on the in-situ observation of double-metal-sphere three-dimensional(3-D)electric field sonde and the comprehensive data of surface electric field,weather radar and lightning location,the electric field(E-field)and corresponding charge structure inside the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system(MCS)in the North China Plain on 19 August 2016 were studied. The sounding system was released at 04:30(Beijing time)when the storm was at mature stage. The surface E-field was relatively weak(about +1. 7 k V·m^(-1))compared to that of other overhead strong thunderstorms(>5 k V·m^(-1)). The lightning frequency of the whole MCS presented an obvious unimodal distribution and the peak occurred at about 06:00. However,almost all lightning occurred in the convection region,while there was a few lightning within the stratiform. The complete sounding data during the ascent stage showed that there were six charge layers in the stratiform and the charge polarity altered in the vertical direction. The main positive charge region was at 8. 2-9. 5 km(-20~-14 ℃)and the main negative charge region was at 7. 4~8. 2 km(-14~-10 ℃). A thin positive layer was just below,and a negative shielding charge region was near the top of thunderstorm. There were one positive and one negative charge layer near 0 ℃. The total net charge of the six layers was weakly positive(about +0. 22 n C·m^(-1)),that may be caused by the positive particles advected from the convection based on the 3-D dynamic field simulation of the MCS.The local electrification mechanism may also contribute to the charge layers near 0 ℃,that need more observation and simulation to study. When the sounding system flew down(about 1 hour later),it still went through the stratiform region that was at the mature stage. The available sounding data between 4. 6 to 9. 0 km showed the maximum E-field was about +70 k V·m^(-1),larger than that in the ascent stage,and four charge layers existed. The distribution of charge structure corresponded roughly to with that d

关 键 词：电场探空 电荷结构 中尺度对流系统层云区域 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]