某市典型水库野生鱼类生态毒理学效应分析  

Ecotoxicological effects of water quality on wild fish in a typical reservoir of a certain city

作　　者：冼鸿仪 唐美琳 陈颖 连圳炜 李艳丰 彭晓武 胡大林 XIAN Hong-yi;TANG Mei-lin;CHEN Ying;LIAN Zhen-wei;LI Yan-feng;PENG Xiao-wu;HU Da-lin(Department of Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510515,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment,South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou Guangdong 510530,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学系,广东广州510515 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所环境污染健康风险评估国家重点实验室,广东广州510530

出　　处：《毒理学杂志》2021年第6期455-459,共5页Journal of Toxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21677066);广州市科技计划项目(201803030027)。

摘　　要：目的探讨某市典型水库水质的生态毒理学效应,为地方水质安全防护措施的合理实施提供基础资料。方法自2020年7月~2021年4月,通过环境流行病学现场调查,采集在某市典型水库库区及清洁对照组水源生长的野生鲫鱼、泰国鲮鱼以及尼罗罗非鱼样本;运用微核实验分析鱼血细胞的染色体损伤效应;运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(single cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE)分析鱼血细胞及肝细胞的DNA损伤效应;采用试剂盒法检测鱼肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;运用鱼卵黄蛋白原(vitellogenin, VTG)ELISA试剂盒法检测鱼血浆VTG水平,分析水质的环境雌激素效应。结果某市典型水库库区3种鱼类血细胞彗星尾部DNA含量及血细胞微核形成率明显高于清洁对照组鱼类(P<0.05);典型水库库区3种鱼类肝组织SOD活性明显低于对照组(P<0.05),GSH及MDA含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05);典型水库库区尼罗罗非鱼血浆VTG水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而鲫鱼、泰国鲮鱼血浆VTG水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论某市典型水库水质对库区野生鱼类可能具有一定的生态毒性效应。Objective To explore the ecotoxicological effects of water quality of typical reservoirs in a certain city, and to provide basic data for the reasonable implementation of water quality safety protection measures. Methods From July 2020 to April 2021, the samples of wild Carassius auratus, Labeo rohita and Nile tilapia were collected from the typical reservoir area and clean control water source of a certain city through field investigation of environmental epidemiology. Micronucleus test(MN) was used to analyze the chromosome damage effects of fish blood cells. The DNA damage effects of fish blood cells and hepatocytes were analyzed by using single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE). The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), the content of glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in fish liver tissue were detected by kit method. The level of VTG in fish plasma was detected by vitellogenin(VTG) ELISA kit to assess the environmental estrogenic effect of water quality. Results The DNA content of comet tail and micronucleus formation rate of three kinds of fish in typical reservoir area were significantly higher than those of clean control group(P<0.05);SOD activity in liver tissue of three fish species in typical reservoir area was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), GSH and MDA content were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05);The level of plasma VTG in Nile tilapia was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between Carassius auratus, Labeo rohita and their controls(P>0.05). Conclusion The water quality of the typical reservoir in a certain city has obvious ecotoxicological effects on wild fish.

关 键 词：典型水库 野生鱼类 DNA损伤 氧化损伤 环境雌激素效应 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学] R994.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]