消费者个人信用信息交易的激励相容机制——以应对平台经济下交易困境为视角  

Research on the Incentive Compatibility Mechanism of Consumers’Personal Credit Information Transaction--In the View of the Settlement of Transaction Embarrassment in Platform Economy

作　　者：李仪 张婷[1] LI Yi;ZHANG Ting(The faculty of Chongqing Intellectual Property Right,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学重庆知识产权学院,重庆市400054

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2022年第2期56-66,共11页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“大数据时代个人信息盗窃的法律问题与对策研究”(16CFX027);重庆理工大学科研启动基金“大数据平台背景下消费者个人信息处理的风险及法律对策研究”(2020ZDR005)。

摘　　要：平台经济下,消费者个人信用信息交易各方需求存在冲突。征信云服务平台的运营者要对消费者个人信用信息进行加工处理并将成果有偿提供给需求方以提高绩效、推动征信等产业升级;消费者要在保护隐私的前提下进行信息交易以维护基本尊严并获取信息成果和增加经济收益。当前,因缺乏有效的规范与协调机制,平台运营者在交易中时常滥用对信息及成果的优势地位,致使消费者隐私和权益受到侵害,信息交易和征信等产业发展受阻。为调和消费者与运营者之间的需求冲突,保护消费者权益,可运用激励相容理论,由治理者为消费者设置对成果的产权,构建以产权行使与救济规范为内核的激励相容机制。在激励相容机制下,消费者通过与运营者缔结交易合同来取得对成果的相对产权,依照合同增强成果的资产专用性从而满足对收益的需求;治理者通过立法为消费者配置绝对产权,通过设计产权行使和救济规范降低侵权所导致的外部成本,克服合同及相对产权的外部性弊端。在激励相容机制实施过程中,为降低消费者议价和履约成本,治理者应拓展运营者有限理性,纠正运营者滥用优势地位阻碍消费者获取收益的不良偏好,强制运营者构建公平交易条件。此外,为提高交易的整体效益,应协调发挥激励相容机制与隐私保护机制的治理作用。In platform economy,there are dilemmas in the requirement of different parties in consumers’personal credit information transaction.To improve the performance and upgrade the credit industry,operators of credit cloud service platforms process and trade in consumers’personal credit information;and to acquire information,meet the higher-end demand,and increase economic benefit,consumers trade in information with the precondition of privacy protection.Because of the lack of effective standard and the coordination mechanism,platform operators usually abuse their advantages in terms of information and achievement,which will hurt consumers’privacy and right,and hinder the development of information transaction and the credit industry.To settle the dilemmas between requirements of consumers and operations and protect consumers’right and benefit,the authors construct the incentive compatibility mechanism taking property right exercise and relief specification as the kernel with the help of incentive compatibility theory.In the incentive compatibility mechanism,consumers obtain the relative property right by signing contract with operators,and enhance the asset specificity of the achievements according to the contract to meet their requirement of benefit;and the regulators distribute the absolute property right to consumers by legislation,reduce the external cost brought by infringement by designing property right exercise and relief standard,and overcome the externality of contract and relative property right.In implementing the incentive compatibility mechanism,to reduce consumers’cost of bargaining and contract exercising,the regulators should expand operators’limited sense,correct the operators’bad preference in abusing the advantages to stop consumers obtaining their benefits,and force operators to formulate the fair transaction condition.To improve the overall benefit of transaction,we should coordinate and give play to the governing role of incentive compatibility mechanism and privacy protection mech

关 键 词：消费者个人信用信息 信息交易 需求冲突 激励相容机制 隐私保护机制 

分 类 号：F492[经济管理—产业经济]