炭材料在低温型磷酸铁锂材料中的应用分析及展望  

Application and prospects for using carbon materials to modify lithium iron phosphate materials used at low temperatures

作　　者：曹贺 闻雷[2] 郭震强 朴楠 胡广剑[2] 吴敏杰 李峰 CAO He;WEN Lei;GUO ZHEN-qiang;PIAO Nan;HU Guang-jian;WU Min-jie;LI Feng(Shenyang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Energy Materials and Devices,Shenyang 110016,China;Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳市新型能源材料与器件产业技术研究院,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,辽宁沈阳110016 [3]中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《新型炭材料》2022年第1期46-58,共13页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072378,52102054,52020105010);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1908015);沈阳市科技局项目(20-2-1-1-04)。

摘　　要：磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池是目前电动汽车和储能领域应用最为广泛的电池体系之一,具有成本低廉、循环寿命长、安全性好等特点。但磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池在低温下的容量和循环寿命衰减问题一直制约了其在寒冷地区的推广和应用。因此磷酸铁锂材料本身低温放电性能的提高,对于改善磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池体系的低温放电特性具有重要意义。本文首先分析了磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池的低温衰减机制,从炭材料作用的角度评述了低温型磷酸铁锂材料的研究进展,同时也关注了高倍率型磷酸铁锂材料。因磷酸铁锂的高倍率性能与低温特性具有很大的相似之处,两者对材料的要求基本接近,材料的设计原则和方法也基本相同。本文也重点分析了纳米炭材料,如碳纳米管和石墨烯等在低温型磷酸铁锂材料领域的应用。LiFePO;, one of the most widely used cathode materials in Li-ion batteries, has many excellent properties, such as low-cost, long life and excellent safety. Unfortunately, its poor performance at low temperature hinders its use in cold regions of the world. The incorporation of carbon materials, which also have excellent electronic and ionic conductivity, in LiFePO;offers a promising way to solve this problem. We first briefly introduce the fade mechanism of LiFePO;cells at low temperature, and the preparation methods, structure, and electrochemical performance of carbon-modified LiFePO;materials are then summarized with a focus on carbon coatings, various carbon conductive fillers and nano-carbon modification. A combination of compositing the LiFePO;with carbon, followed by carbon coating is a promising way of fabricating a material for use at low-temperatures. Besides conventional carbon black, other conductive additives such as graphene and carbon nanotubes also have great potential for use in LiFePO;batteries at low temperatures. The problems encountered and the future development of these composites are also discussed.

关 键 词：磷酸铁锂 锂离子电池 低温特性 高倍率 纳米炭材料 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]