海南乡土草蔓草虫豆种子的耐干特性  

Ultra-drying Tolerance of the Seeds of Cajanus scarabaeoides,a Hainan Native Grass

作　　者：张瑜[1] 郇恒福[1] 王文强[1] 杨虎彪[1] 李欣勇 刘国道[1] ZHANG Yu;HUAN Hengfu;WANG Wenqiang;YANG Hubiao;LI Xinyong;LIU Guodao(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Utilization of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部热带作物种质资源利用重点开放实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第1期87-93,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：农业农村部农作物种质资源保护与利用项目-热带牧草种质资源的收集、鉴定、编目、繁种与入库(圃)保存(No.12RZZY-09);科技基础资源调查专项-中国南方草地牧草资源调查(No.2017FY100600);国家绿肥产业技术体系海口综合试验站;国家现代产业技术体系。

摘　　要：蔓草虫豆叶量丰富,粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量均较高,各类家畜均喜食,是亚热带地区较好的豆科牧草。幼苗生长迅速,可在较短时间内覆盖地面,为林下间作、水土保持等生态利用。蔓草虫豆为本属地域分布最广的一种,具有热带乡土草的所有独特特点:顽拗性、寿命较短。种子脱水能降低胞内分子扩散、减少活性氧危害,生理生化反应被限制到极点,且不易受温度影响,是种子有利的保护状态,也是种子存储的最有利条件。通过超干保存技术将热带乡土草种子含水量降低到传统下限以下,提高种子贮藏活力,增加在常温和低温条件下的保存时间,还可降低常规保存方法成本。本文采用硅胶干燥法对蔓草虫豆种子进行超干处理,不同的含水量梯度2.22%、3.35%、4.90%、6.09%的种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量和脱氢酶活性等生理生化指标测定,干燥到2.22%的含水量对种子萌发有抑制作用,蔓草虫豆的超干保存适宜含水量范围为3.35%~4.90%,蔓草虫豆的耐脱水性较好。并对种子的生理生化特性变化规律分析,得出蔓草虫豆不同含水量种子的相对电导率和丙二醛含量与种子发芽率变化大致上呈相反的趋势,脯氨酸含量与发芽率变化呈正相关趋势,种子脱氢酶活性与种子发芽率和发芽指数的变化趋势一致。本试验采用种子活力和生理特性的相互验证的方法,使结论更加可靠,蔓草虫豆的超干种子在室温下贮藏,不仅种子种质得以很好保存,而且耐贮性大大提高。研究结论为蔓草虫豆种子超干贮藏的深入研究奠定基础,为热带乡土草种质资源的保护提供科学的参考依据。C.Scarabaeoides is a better legume grass in tropical and subtropical areas with high contents of crude protein and crude fat.Livestocks like to eat.The seedlings grow rapidly and can cover the ground in a short time for ecological utilization such as understory intercropping and water and soil conservation.C.Scarabaeoides is the most widely dis-tributed species of this genus,which has all the unique characteristics of tropical native grass:stubbornness and short life span.Seed dehydration can reduce the intracellular molecular diffusion and the harm of active oxygen.The physio-logical and biochemical reactions are limited to the extreme and are not easy to be affected by temperature.It is not only a favorable protective state of seeds,but also the most favorable condition for seed storage.The ultra dry preservation technology can reduce the water content of tropical native grass seeds below the traditional lower limit,can improve the seed storage vitality and increase the preservation time under normal and low temperature conditions,and reduce the cost of conventional preservation methods.In the study,the seeds of C.scarabaeoides were ultra-dried by the silica gel drying method with different water content gradients of 2.22%,3.35%,4.90%and 6.09%.The germination rate,germi-nation potential,vigor index,relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,Pro content and dehydrogenase activity of the seeds were determined.The results showed that drying to 2.22%water content inhibited seed germination,the suit-able moisture content for ultra-dried storage was 3.35%‒4.90%,and the dehydration resistance of C.scarabaeoides was better.Through the analysis of the changes of physiological and biochemical characteristics of seeds,the results showed that the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content of seeds with different water content were opposite to germi-nation rate,the Pro content was positively correlated with the change of germination rate,and the activity of seed dehy-drogenase activity was consistent with the chan

关 键 词：蔓草虫豆 超干处理 种子活力 生理生化特性 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]