益智种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Alpinia oxyphylla Germplasm Resources by Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：李英英 郑云柯[2] 晏小霞[1] 王清隆[1] 羊青[1] 汤欢[1] 王茂媛[1] 王祝年[1] LI Yingying;ZHENG Yunke;YAN Xiaoxia;WANG Qinglong;YANG Qing;TANG Huan;WANG Maoyuan;WANG Zhunian(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tripical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第1期94-100,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目“海南岛益智资源调查与品质评价研究”(No.820QN344);海南省农业农村厅农业种质资源保护项目“南药种质资源保护”(No.NYBH2021)。

摘　　要：对收集的90份益智种质资源的18个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析,以期为益智品种改良和种质创新提供依据。结果表明:供试的益智种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,质量性状中多样性指数最高的为果形(1.1507),数量性状中多样性指数最高的为株高(2.0700),变异系数最大的为结果枝数(41.32%);提取的6个主成分累计贡献率为68.339%,第一主成分主要反映的是益智植株的叶片形态和株高,第二主成分主要反映的是益智外观形态及生长状态,第三主成分主要反映的是益智植株的分枝状况,第四主成分主要反映的是益智的产量,第五主成分主要反映的是益智的花果量,第六主成分主要反映的是益智的果产量。通过聚类分析将供试材料划分为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群可作为益智抗倒伏及矮化品种进行开发,第Ⅱ类群可作为益智品种改良和杂交育种的材料,第Ⅲ类群可作为益智育种生产材料,第IV类群可用于观赏益智材料的筛选。本研究为益智优异种质筛选、资源合理利用、品种改良和品种选育提供参考依据。The genetic diversity by 18 phenotypic traits of 90 Alpinia oxyphylla germplasm resources was analyzed to provide the basis for the improvement and germplasm innovation of Alpinia oxyphylla varieties. The genetic diversity was rich in the germplasms. In qualitative traits, the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was for fruit shape(1.1507). In quantitative traits, the highest genetic diversity indexes were for plant height(2.0700), the highest coefficient variation(CV) was for the branch number of fruit(41.32%). The cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components was 68.339%. The first principal component mainly reflected the leaf shape and plant height. The second principal component mainly reflected the appearance and growth state. The third principal component mainly reflected the branching status. The fourth principal component mainly reflected the output. The fifth principal component mainly reflected the amount of fruit. The sixth principal component mainly reflected the fruit yield. The experimental materials were divided into four groups by cluster analysis. Group Ⅰ could be developed as lodging resistant and dwarfing varieties. Group Ⅱ could be used as the material for improvement and cross breeding. Group Ⅲ could be used as the production material. The fourth group could be used for the screening of ornamental materials. This study would provide a basis for the selection of excellent germplasm, rational utilization of resources, variety improvement and breed selection.

关 键 词：益智 表型性状 种质资源 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种]