元谋干热河谷青枣光合及产量对不同比例有机肥与生物炭配施的响应  

Response of Photosynthesis and Yield of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. to Different Proportion of Organic Fertilizer with Biochar Application in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley

作　　者：王春雪[1,2] 岳学文 史亮涛[1,2] 李坤 李小英[3] 方海东 潘志贤 WANG Chunxue;YUE Xuewen;SHI Liangtao;LI Kun;LI Xiaoying;FANG Haidong;PAN Zhixian(Institute of Tropical Eco-Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China;Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China;College of Ecology and Environment,South-west Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300 [2]元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300 [3]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第1期128-136,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划项目“云南省干热河谷区生态修复技术研究与产业化示范”(No.2019BC001-02)。

摘　　要：青枣是一种清甜多汁、营养丰富的热带水果,在云南干热河谷区广泛栽培。近年来由于化肥的过量施用,导致青枣的产量和品质都有所下降,由此导致的农业环境问题也不容忽视。而有机肥和生物炭能够有效缓解过量施用化肥而带来的一系列问题。本研究立足云南元谋干热河谷,研究了有机肥与生物炭配施对青枣光合和产量的影响,以期为当地果农提供有效的施肥措施,同时也为元谋干热河谷区的农业环境问题提供重要数据支撑。为了研究元谋干热河谷引种的青枣在不同有机肥和生物炭配施比例下的光合特征及产量水平,本文设计了3个梯度的有机肥处理,即20 kg/株(H)、10 kg/株(M)、5 kg/株(L),和3个梯度的生物炭处理,即添加6%(Y_(1))、3%(Y_(2))、0%(CK),有机肥和生物炭添加处理间两两组合共9个处理,分别为:HY_(1)、HY_(2)、HCK、MY_(1)、MY_(2)、MCK、LY_(1)、LY_(2)、LCK,并对其进行了连续6个月的光合指标测定及最终的产量测定。双因素方差分析结果表明,有机肥施用量和生物炭施用比例对青枣的光合参数和产量不存在显著性交互作用(P>0.05),有机肥的施用量对青枣的光合参数和产量的影响不显著,而生物炭的施用比例对气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和产量有显著的影响。单因素方差分析表明,青枣的光合能力和产量不是随着有机肥与生物炭配施量的增加而增加,而是表现为中、高用量有机肥无生物炭添加的处理青枣产量最高,低有机肥无生物炭配施的处理青枣光合能力最强。相关性分析显示,青枣的光合速率受到气孔因素的影响,说明生物炭是通过影响气孔导度从而影响光合速率,最终影响产量的。有机肥与生物炭配施对于青枣而言,短期内不是最佳的施肥模式。Zizyphus mauritiana is a sweet,juicy and nutritious tropical fruit which is widely cultivated in the dry-hot valley area of Yunnan.In recent years,due to the excessive application of chemical fertilizer,the yield and quality of Z.mauritiana have declined,which result in a lot of serious agricultural environmental problems.Organic fertilizer and biochar can effectively alleviate a series of problems caused by excessive fertilizer application.Based on the dry-hot valley of Yuanmou,this study researched the effects of organic fertilizer and biochar on the photosynthesis and yield of Z.mauritiana,aimed to provide effective fertilization measures for local fruit farmers and also provide important agri-cultural planting and fertilization data for agricultural environment problems in Yuanmou dry-hot valley.Three gradients of organic fertilizer treatment 20 kg/plant(H),10 kg/plant(M),5 kg/plant(L),and three biochar treatments,6%(Y_(1)),3%(Y_(2)),0%(CK)were desiged.There were 9 treatments in pair combination between organic fertilizer and biochar addition treatments,namely HY_(1),HY_(2),HCK,MY_(1),MY_(2),MCK,LY_(1),LY_(2),LCK.The photosynthetic index and the final yield were measured for 6 months.The results of two-factor ANOVA showed that there was no significant interaction between the application rate of organic fertilizer and the proportion of biochar on the photosynthetic parameters and yield of Z.mauritiana(P>0.05).The application amount of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the photosyn-thetic parameters and yield of Z.mauritiana,but the application proportion of biochar had significant effect on stomatal conductance(G_(s)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and yield of Z.mauritiana.One-way ANOVA showed that the photosynthetic capacity and yield of Z.mauritiana did not increase with the dosage of organic fertilizer and biochar increase.However,the treatments with medium and high amount of organic fertilizer and no biochar had the highest yield,while the treat-ment with low organic fertilizer and no biochar had

关 键 词：青枣 光合作用 产量 有机肥 生物炭 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]