韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用  

Allelopathy of Chinese Chives Root Exudates on Fusarium Wilt of Bitter Gourd

作　　者：谢一琪 牛―玉 刘子记[2] 于仁波 韩旭[2] XIE Yiqi;NIU Yu;LIU Ziji;YU Renbo;HAN Xu(College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571011

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第1期173-184,共12页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省高层次人才项目(No.320RC723);农业农村部部门预算项目;中国热带农业科学院创新团队项目(No.1630032017029).

摘　　要：为探究韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用,本研究以‘山东雪韭6号’韭菜和苦瓜枯萎病菌为试验材料,水培法收集韭菜根系分泌物,采用菌丝生长速率和孢子萌发法研究韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用;利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定根系分泌物组成成分,筛选可能的主效化感物质,进一步通过体外抑菌试验验证其化感作用,明确主效化感物质。结果表明,随着韭菜根系分泌物浓度的升高,苦瓜枯萎病菌的菌落直径和孢子萌发数均呈先降后升的趋势,当分泌物浓度为3.22 mg/mL时,抑制作用最大,满足化感作用低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特性。通过GC-MS鉴定出韭菜根系分泌物中的主要成分为酚类、酯类、烷烃类、醇类、烯类、芳香类,可能的化感物质为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)。通过体外抑菌试验证实这3种物质对苦瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有不同程度的化感抑制作用,且抑菌效果为2,4-二叔丁基苯酚>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯>2,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),明确其为化感物质。由此可知,韭菜根系分泌的主效化感物质对苦瓜枯萎病菌有显著的化感抑制作用,这为苦瓜间套轮作韭菜防控苦瓜枯萎病和研制植物源抑菌剂提供了理论依据和技术支撑。Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd is a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momodicae,which seriously harms the yield and quality of bitter gourd.In traditional production,chemical pesticides mostly used to prevent and control Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd,but there are potential risks of environmental pollution and ecological damage.Although the method of grafting and replacing roots is also used in the production to control Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd,lack of high-resistance rootstock resources and high production costs have led to poor control effects and difficult to achieve.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an eco-environmental,green and effective method to prevent and control Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd.The cultivation patterns of intercropping relay intercropping and crop rotation are one of the effective methods to reduce soil-borne diseases.Bulb vegetable(Allium),such as garlic,green garlic,and onions,are recognized as good previous crops,and the root exudates can effectively reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases by improving the soil micro-ecological environment,thereby alleviating continuous cropping obstacles.Studies have shown that the volatile and extract components of Chinese chives have the potential to resist fungal diseases.However,there are few studies on the Chinese chive root exudates,especially the allelopathy of Chinese chive root exudates on regulating resistance to Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd has not been reported.In order to explore the allelopathy of Chinese chive root exudates on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momdicae,the study used Chinese chive variety’Shandong Xuejiu No.6’ and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momdicae as test materials,and Chinese chive root exudates were collected by hydroponics.The methods of mycelia growth rate and spore germination were used to study the allelopathy of Chinese chive root exudates on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momodicae.The components of root exudates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).According to the i

关 键 词：韭菜根系分泌物 苦瓜枯萎病 尖孢镰刀菌 化感作用 化感物质 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]