基于种养平衡的吉林省辽河流域农田畜禽粪便负荷研究  

Farmland load of livestock manure in Liaohe River basin of Jilin Province based on the balance between planting and breeding

作　　者：黄鑫 赵兴敏[1] 苏伟[2] 郑玉昕 王鸿斌[1] 王玉军[1] HUANG Xin;ZHAO Xingmin;SU Wei;ZHENG Yuxin;WANG Hongbin;WANG Yujun(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Province Academy of Environmental Science,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省环境科学研究院,长春130012

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第1期193-201,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：吉林省辽河流域污染防控与生态修复重大科技专项(20200503004SF)。

摘　　要：为明确吉林省辽河流域畜禽养殖污染现状,优化调整产业养殖生产布局,结合国内外相关研究核算了畜禽粪便产生量和农田负荷量,并基于种养平衡理论进行畜禽养殖环境承载力分析。结果显示:2017年吉林省辽河流域畜禽粪便产生量达537.59万t,农田粪便平均负荷量为5.43 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),其中辽源市区的农田粪便负荷量最大,为12.09 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)。畜禽养殖氮、磷环境承载力平均值分别为131.39 kg·hm^(-2)和20.65 kg·hm^(-2),其中四平市区的氮环境承载力最小(78.64 kg·hm^(-2)),辽源市区的磷环境污染风险值最大(1.08),东辽县的氮和磷污染风险等级均达到Ⅱ级。畜禽养殖环境承载力和粪便负荷风险评估表明,辽源市区畜禽粪便污染情况最为严重,该区域属于氮和磷污染中等风险区,已对农田环境产生了威胁,此外四平市区属于氮污染中等风险区和磷污染低风险区,东辽县属于氮和磷污染低风险区。流域内其余市县的畜禽养殖环境承载力和粪便负荷量则处于安全范围,对周围农田环境基本无影响。The livestock husbandry industry has become an important part of agricultural non-point source pollution.To prevent agricultural pollution,the amount of livestock manure and farmland load were investigated in the Liaohe River basin of Jilin Province.The land carrying capacity of livestock manure was evaluated based on the balance between planting and breeding.The results showed that the amount of livestock manure reached 5.3759 million t,and the average manure load was 5.43 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1) in the Liaohe River basin of Jilin Province in 2017.The greatest manure load of farmland in Liaoyuan City was 12.09 t·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),while the average land carrying capacities of livestock husbandry were 131.39 kg·hm^(-2)(based on N)and 20.65 kg·hm^(-2)(based on P).Siping City had the lowest carrying capacity of land based on nitrogen(78.64 kg·hm^(-2)).Liaoyuan City had the largest index in the risk assessment of livestock manure.The study found that Liaoyuan City had low risk of livestock manure pollution,and it was the area with higher contamination risks from the release of nitrogen and phosphorus,which posed a threat to the farmland environment.In addition,Siping City was at medium risk(based on N)and light risk(based on P),while Dongliao County was a low pollution risk area.The other cities were in a safe area,which had little effect on the farmland environment.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 种养平衡 农田负荷 污染风险 土地承载力 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]