学龄前儿童近视状况及其影响因素调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of myopia of preschool children and the influencing factors

作　　者：龙琦[1] 唐晓荣[1] 吴九菊[1] 田密[1] 张金梅[1] LONG Qi;TANG Xiaorong;WU Jiuju;TIAN Mi;ZHANG Jinmei(Hunan Children's Hospital,Changsha,410007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省儿童医院眼科,湖南省长沙市410007

出　　处：《护理实践与研究》2022年第3期355-358,共4页Nursing Practice and Research

摘　　要：目的调查我市学龄前儿童近视流行的现状,并分析其用眼不良因素,为预防近视提供指导依据。方法运用整群抽样方法选取某市20所幼儿园中的5642名学龄前儿童进行屈光度筛查,调查学龄前儿童近视情况,同时对儿童家长进行调查,分析学龄前儿童用眼不良的因素。结果5642名学龄前儿童中筛查出120例近视儿童,筛出率为2.13%。单因素分析显示,不同性别和居住地的儿童近视发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄段、近亲近视史、不良用眼习惯和每日不良用眼时间的儿童近视发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,近亲近视史、不良用眼习惯种类≥5种和每日不良用眼时间≥4 h均是学龄前儿童近视的独立性影响因素(P>0.05)。结论学龄前儿童近视发生率高,发生率随年龄增长,与近亲近视史、儿童不良用眼习惯多和不良用眼时间长等因素有很大关系,家长、学校和社会应该高度重视,定期对儿童进行进行视力检查,加强健康宣教,保护儿童视力健康。Objective To investigate the prevalence of myopia in preschool children in a city and analyze the adverse factors of myopia,to provide guidance for the prevention of myopia.Methods A total of 5642 preschool children from 20 kindergartens in Changsha were selected for diopter screening.The situation of myopia in preschool children was investigated and the factors of poor eyesight in preschoolers were analyzed.Results Among 5642 preschool children,120 cases of myopia were detected,the screening rate was 2.13%.Univariate analysis showed that there was no signifi cant diff erence in the incidence of myopia among children of diff erent genders and places of residence(P>0.05),but there was signifi cant diff erence in the incidence of myopia among children of diff erent ages,close relatives'history of myopia,bad eye use habits and bad daily time of eye use(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that close relatives'history of myopia,more than 5 kinds of bad eye use habits and more than 4 hours of bad eye use per day were the independent infl uencing factors of preschool children's myopia(P>0.05).Conclusion Preschool children myopia incidence rate was high,the incidence increases with age,with a close relative history,children's bad habits with the eye myopia and more adverse factors such as long time with the eye was highly related,parents,schools and society should pay more attention,regularly to visual acuity of children,to strengthen health education and protect children vision health.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 近视 流行病学 用眼不良 

分 类 号：R473.77[医药卫生—护理学]