一株多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1防治广东菜心根肿病的研究  

Control effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa P1 strain against cabbage clubroot in Guangdong

作　　者：张莹莹 郝文娟 李宏玉 马艳 毛伟力 ZHANG Yingying;HAO Wenjuan;LI Hongyu;MA Yan;MAO Weili(Shanghai Wanlihua Biotech Corporation, Shanghai 201203, China;Dali Plant Protection Station, Yunnan Province, Dali 671000, China)

机构地区：[1]上海万力华生物科技有限公司,上海201203 [2]云南省大理白族自治州植保植检站,大理671000

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第1期291-296,304,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：大理州毛伟力专家工作站(大科联发[2019]6号)。

摘　　要：芸薹根肿病是一种危害极大的世界性病害。对此病害的防治多采用化学药剂,但过多地使用化学农药,不仅会导致病原菌的抗药性和药剂防效的不稳定,还会造成环境污染和食品安全等问题。筛选生防菌株并将其开发成有效的生物农药,是防治根肿病并保持绿色农业可持续发展的新途径。本研究选用了多种生防菌对芸薹根肿菌Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.的休眠孢子进行拮抗测试,筛选出一株能抑制P.brassicae休眠孢子萌发的多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1。通过液体发酵和剂型处理,将P1制成悬浮剂(P1-SC),用于室内生测和大田试验,测定其对广东菜心根肿病的防治效果。盆栽试验结果表明,对菜心根肿病的防治效果与所使用的P1-SC浓度呈正相关,当施用P1-SC中P1的浓度≥1×10^(6)cfu/mL时,对菜心根肿病的防治效果(83.0%)与化学农药氟啶胺(500 mg/L)的防治效果(100.0%)没有显著性差异,但显著高于(P≤0.05)一种商品枯草芽孢杆菌(2×10^(7)cfu/mL)的防治效果(29.8%)。2018年的大田试验结果表明,P1-SC处理(4 L/667m^(2))对菜心根肿病的防治效果(53.3%)显著高于(P≤0.05)枯草芽孢杆菌处理(2 kg/667m^(2),30.9%),与500 g/L氟啶胺SC(500 mL/667m^(2))的防治效果(44.6%)没有显著差异(P≤0.05);而在2019年,P1-SC处理对菜心根肿病的防治效果(62.4%)显著高于(P≤0.05)500 g/L氟啶胺SC(34.6%)和枯草芽孢杆菌处理(31.4%)。Clubroot is a worldwide and harmful disease.Chemical pesticides have been used to control the disease,however,excessive use of chemical pesticides will lead to the resistance of the pathogen and instable control effect of the pesticides,and cause the problems of environmental pollution and food safety.Screening and developing biocontrol agents are necessary for clubroot control and sustainable development of green agriculture.In this study,a variety of biocontrol agents were selected to test their inhibition activity on dormant spore germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.A strain P1 of Paenibacillus polymyxa was selected,with good inhibiting effect on germination of the dormant spores.Through the processes of fermentation and formulation,a suspension concentrate was made containing P1(P1-SC),and the control effect against the clubroot of Guangdong cabbage(CGC)was investigated by indoor pot experiment and field test.Pot experiment revealed that there was a positive correlation between the concentration of P1-SC applied and the control effect.When the content of P1 spores in P1-SC applied was≥1×10^(6) cfu/mL,there was no significant difference(P≤0.05)on the control effect of CGC between the treatments of P1-SC(83.0%)and the chemical pesticide fluazinam(500 mg/L,100.0%),but significantly higher(P≤0.05)than that of a commercial formulation with a strain of Bacillus subtilis(2×10^(7) cfu/mL,29.8%).Field experiments in 2018 showed that the control effect of P1-SC(4 L/667m^(2),53.3%)on CGC was significantly higher(P≤0.05)than that of B.subtilis(2 kg/667m^(2),30.9%),but similar to that of 500 g/L fluazinam SC(500 mL/667 m^(2),44.6%).The results of 2019 showed the control effect of P1-SC on CGC(62.4%)was significantly higher(P≤0.05)than that of fluazinam(34.6%)and B.subtilis(31.4%).

关 键 词：十字花科 芸薹根肿菌 休眠孢子 多黏类芽胞杆菌 防治效果 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]