5种矿物源农药对兰州百合3种病害室内防效评价  

Evaluation of indoor control effects of five mineral pesticides against three diseases of Lanzhou lily

作　　者：蔺珂 梁巧兰 魏列新 姜玉玲 孟秀鹏 岳阳 陈应娥 梁旭东 LIN Ke;LIANG Qiaolan;WEI Liexin;JIANG Yuling;MENG Xiupeng;YUE Yang;CHEN Ying’e;LIANG Xudong(College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Lanzhou 730050, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,兰州730070 [2]兰州市七里河区农业技术推广站,兰州730050

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第1期338-346,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：兰州市科技局项目(2018-4-78);甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2NA010);甘肃农业大学学科建设基金(GAU-XKJS-2018-155);甘肃省农牧厅项目(GNSW-2016-25)。

摘　　要：为了筛选高效低毒且对兰州百合3种病害具有较高防效的矿物源农药,本试验采用生长速率法、黄瓜子叶法及喷雾、灌根法分别测定了5种矿物源农药对引起兰州百合病害病原菌灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea、交链格孢Alternaria alternata、裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune的抑菌作用、活性、离体防效和室内盆栽防效,明确了其防病持效期及对百合的安全性。结果表明,86.2%氧化亚铜WP对灰葡萄孢、交链格孢、裂褶菌的抑菌作用均最好,EC_(50)分别为286.52、203.17、39.42μg/mL,29%石硫合剂AS对灰葡萄孢、交链格孢的抑菌作用较好,EC_(50)分别为683.56、320.20μg/mL,46%氢氧化铜WG对裂褶菌的EC_(50)为89.60μg/mL;离体防效测定表明,86.2%氧化亚铜WP和29%石硫合剂AS对百合灰霉病、叶斑病防效均较好,保护作用和治疗作用防效分别在78%和70%以上,86.2%氧化亚铜WP和46%氢氧化铜WG对百合鳞茎腐烂病防效较好,保护作用和治疗作用防效分别在83%和76%以上;室内盆栽防效测定表明,86.2%氧化亚铜WP对兰州百合3种病害的防效最好,均在61%以上,但防效均低于各自对照化学药剂;86.2%氧化亚铜WP对百合灰霉病、29%石硫合剂AS对百合叶斑病、46%氢氧化铜WG对百合鳞茎腐烂病的防病效果均在第7天时最高,分别为71.75%、73.96%、75.00%,持效期为7 d,且对兰州百合安全。研究结果为利用矿物源农药有效防治兰州百合灰霉病、叶斑病和鳞茎腐烂病提供依据。In order to screen the mineral-derived pesticides with high-efficiency and low-toxicity against the three kinds of Lanzhou lily diseases,the inhibition effect,virulence,in vitro control effect,safety and duration of disease prevention of the five mineral-derived pesticides on the pathogenic Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria alternata,Schizophyllum commune were investigated by the growth rate method,cucumber cotyledon method,spray and root drenching method,respectively.The results showed that the cuprous oxide 86.2%WP had the best inhibition effects to B.cinerea,A.alternata,and S.commune,with the EC_(50) values of 286.52,203.17 and 39.42μg/mL,respectively.Lime sulfur 29%AS had good inhibition effects to B.cinerea and A.alternata,with the EC_(50) values of 683.56 and 320.20μg/mL,respectively.Copper hydroxide 46%WG had good inhibition effect to S.commune,with the EC_(50) value of 89.60μg/mL.The in vitro control effect test showed that cuprous oxide 86.2%WP and lime sulfur 29%AS had good control effects to B.cinerea and A.alternata,and the protective effects and therapeutic effects were above 78%and 70%,respectively.Cuprous oxide 86.2%WP and copper hydroxide 46%WG had better control effects to S.commune,and the protective effects and therapeutic effects were above 83%and 76%,respectively.The indoor potted test showed that cuprous oxide 86.2%WP had the best control effect on the three diseases of Lanzhou lily,with the efficacies of above 61%,but lower than their respective chemical control.The prevention effects of cuprous oxide 86.2%WP on lily gray mold,lime sulfur 29%AS on lily leaf spot and copper hydroxide 46%WG on lily bulb rot were the highest on the 7th day,with the efficacies of 71.75%,73.96%and 75.00%,respectively.The persistent period of the mineral pesticides is seven days,and they were safe to Lanzhou lily.The results provide a basis for the effective control of Lanzhou lily gray mold,leaf spot and bulb rot by using mineral-derived pesticides.

关 键 词：矿物源农药 百合病害 活性测定 防治效果 持效期 安全性 

分 类 号：S435.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]