面向空间无拖曳飞行任务的连续变推力离子推力器研制  

Development of Continuous Variable-thrust Ion Thruster for Drag-Free Flight Missions

作　　者：胡竟[1,2] 王东升 杨福全 耿海[1] 贾艳辉[1] 张天平[1] 郭德洲[1] 谷增杰 HU Jing;WANG Dongsheng;YANG Fuquan;GENG Hai;JIA Yanhui;ZHANG Tianping;GUO Dezhou;GU Zengjie(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《真空与低温》2022年第1期72-78,共7页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：民用航天预先研究项目(D010509)。

摘　　要：推力的宽范围、高精度、连续可调和快速响应是实现航天器无拖曳飞行任务的技术基础,直接决定了整星工程任务的成败。针对重力梯度测量卫星及近地轨道观测卫星在轨任务期间对电推进系统高精度连续变推力能力的迫切需求,分析了离子推力器连续变推力的工作原理,研究了推力器输出推力宽范围、高精度、快速连续调节的关键要素。在此基础上,通过推力调节试验、空间环境适应性及寿命特性研究,揭示了10 cm口径连续变推力离子推力器的工程特性,获得了1~25 mN内的推力调节规律,实现了分辨率为50μN的推力调节响应。研究将为重力梯度测量卫星及近地轨道观测卫星开展无拖曳空间飞行奠定基础。Thrust changed in wide-range with high-accuracy,continuously adjustable and fast-response is the basis for spacecraft drag-free flight missions,it directly influences the success of the mission.Aiming at the application require‐ment of gravitational gradiometry satellite and earth observation satellite for electric propulsion system with the ability of wide-range and continuous variable-thrust during orbit flight,the principle of realizing continuous variable-thrust of ion thruster was analyzed.And the essential ingredient in achieving thrust changed with wide-range,high-accuracy and contin‐uously adjustable of ion thruster were researched.Based on it,thrust regulation tests and space environment adaptability and lifetime characteristic were conducted to reveal the engineering properties of 10 cm caliber continuous variable-thrust ion thruster.The thrust regulation rules over range 1 to 25 mN were obtained,and the thrust adjustment respowse with 50μN resolution was realized.Above research will certainly provide technical support for drag-free flight missions of gravitational gradiometry satellite and earth observation satellite.

关 键 词：无拖曳飞行 连续变推力 离子推力器 宽范围 放电室 

分 类 号：V439.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]