GeTe热电材料的研究和进展  

Research and Development of GeTe Thermoelectric Materials

作　　者：董源 徐桂英[1] DONG Yuan;XU Guiying(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第3期103-112,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFF0204706);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-MP-18-005,FRF-MP-19-005);颠覆性创新资助项目(19-163-13-ZT-001-008-19)。

摘　　要：当今,化石能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严峻,影响了人们的日常生活以及工业生产。世界各国都在寻找能够绿色高效地利用能源的新技术途径。在众多新技术途径中,热电转换技术因具有可以直接把热能转换成电能、不产生气体排放、不需要预先生产热能、仅靠工业生产和日常生活的废热即可发电等特点,受到工业界和学术界越来越广泛的关注。目前已经在深空探测、能源回收、空调制冷、芯片冷却等方面得到应用。半导体GeTe材料,是一种非常有前景的中温热电材料。在GeTe合成中,一般Ge不能完全参与反应而产生Ge空位,一个Ge空位会产生两个空穴,空穴作为载流子完成电导和电子热导,所以GeTe的热电性能与Ge的参与反应数量有关,受其制备工艺的影响很大。由于Ge不能完全参与反应,产生了大量的空穴载流子,载流子浓度高导致电导率高的同时,电子热导率也很大,限制了GeTe的热电应用。GeTe因为禁带比较窄,并且存在相转变过程,使其有着复杂的热电行为特征。采用不同的元素掺杂和烧结成型工艺会对GeTe的组成、晶体和能带结构及其热电性能产生巨大影响,为探索合适的组成、微观结构和制备工艺以提高GeTe基材料的热电优值提供了可能。此外GeTe基热电材料还具有较好的力学性能,满足高性能热电器件应用对力学性能的要求。这些特性使GeTe基合金成为目前为止在深空探测中得到实际应用的性能优良的p型中温热电半导体材料。本文主要从烧结工艺、元素掺杂、理论计算等方面,较详细地梳理总结了到目前为止对提高GeTe热电性能的探索和研究成果,以期为GeTe基热电材料的深入研究和广泛应用提供参考。Nowadays,the shortage of fossil energy and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious,affecting people's daily life and industrial production.Countries around the world are looking for new ways to use energy in a green and efficient way.Among many new technology approaches,thermoelectric conversion technology has attracted more and more attention from industry and academic circles because it can directly convert heat energy into electric energy without producing gas emissions,without producing heat energy in advance,and can ge-nerate electricity only with waste heat from industrial production and daily life.It has been applied in deep space exploration,energy recovery,air conditioning,chip cooling and so on.Semiconductor GeTe material is a promising medium temperature thermoelectric material.In GeTe,Ge generally cannot fully participate in the reaction,leading to Ge vacancy.One Ge vacancy will generate two holes,holes as carriers to complete conductance and electron thermal conductance,so the thermoelectric performance of GeTe is related to the number of Ge involved in the reaction,and is greatly affected by its preparation process.As Ge could not fully participate in the reaction,a large number of hole carriers were generated,and the high concentration of carriers resulted in high conductivity as well as high electronic thermal conductivity,which limited the thermoelectric application of GeTe.GeTe has complex thermoelectric behavior characteristics due to its narrow band gap and phase transition process.Different element doping and sintering processes have a great impact on the composition,crystal and energy band structure of GeTe and its thermoelectric properties,which provides the possibility to explore appropriate composition,microstructure and preparation technology to improve the thermoelectric optimal value of GeTe based materials.In addition,GeTe based thermoelectric materials also have good mechanical properties,which can meet the requirements of mechanical properties in the application o

关 键 词：热电材料 半导体 GETE 

分 类 号：TN37[电子电信—物理电子学]