铝型材挤压模具失效分析  

Failure Analysis of Aluminum Profile Extrusion Mould

作　　者：陈少华 张杨 谢伟 陈卫华[2] 艾云龙[2] 欧阳晟 CHEN Shao-hua;ZHANG Yang;XIE Wei;CHEN Wei-hua;AI Yun-long;OUYANG Sheng(Jiangxi Intellectual Property Protection Center,Nanchang 330029,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省知识产权保护中心,南昌330029 [2]南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院,南昌330063

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2021年第6期402-407,共6页Failure Analysis and Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52001156);江西省高等学校教学改革研究课题(JXJG-18-8-12);南昌航空大学创新创业课程培育项目(kcpy1756)。

摘　　要：H13钢模具在生产铝型材的过程中出现早期软化、变形、开裂和磨损等问题,采用化学成分分析、硬度测试和显微组织观察等检测方法,对模具失效原因进行分析。结果表明:该模具在渗氮前进行的淬火和回火工艺不合理,存在少量夹杂和未溶解的碳化物,使其整体韧性不高;其渗氮层厚度较薄,且渗氮层硬度偏低,组织不稳定,渗氮层与基体的结合力较差,加剧模具渗氮层的剥落和磨损。建议从模具的热处理工艺和渗氮工艺方面进行优化来提高其硬度和冲击韧性,从而延长模具的使用寿命。As H13 steel moulds always suffer early softening,deformation,cracking and wear during the production of aluminium profiles,chemical composition analysis,hardness testing and microstructure observation were conducted to reveal the failure causes.The results show that the quenching and tempering process of the mould before nitriding is unreasonable.There are a small amount of inclusions and undissolved carbides,which make the overall toughness low.Moreover,The nitride layer is thin,and the hardness is low,and its microstructure is unstable.The bonding force between the nitrided layer and the substrate is poor,which aggravates the spalling and wear of the nitrided layer of the mould.It is suggested to optimize the heat treatment process and nitriding process of the mould to improve its hardness and impact toughness,thereby prolonging the service life of the mould.

关 键 词：H13钢 失效 热处理工艺 渗氮工艺 

分 类 号：TG375.41[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]