《民法典》背景下农地经营权信托流转法律构造中的主体疑难问题  

Doubts about the Subject Matter in the Legal Structure of the Trust Transfer of Agricultural Land Management Rights in the Context of the Civil Code

作　　者：江钦辉 魏树发[3] Jiang Qinhui;Wei Shufa

机构地区：[1]新疆大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆社会科学院法学研究所 [3]福建师范大学法学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《新疆社会科学》2022年第1期91-101,147,148,共13页Social Sciences in Xinjiang

基　　金：福建省社科规划项目“乡村振兴战略背景下福建农地承包经营权流转的法律对策研究”(FJ2019B008);新疆社会科学院院级项目“‘三权分置’背景下新疆农村土地承包经营权信托制度研究”(17YFX01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：信托流转作为农地流转的创新手段,能解决农地的闲置问题和细碎化问题,最大程度提高农地使用效益,实现农民收益的最大化。《民法典》实施后,农地信托的信托财产应为农地经营权。农地经营权信托流转的委托人只能是农户,但为实现农地的规模化、集约化经营,应间接委托农村集体经济组织或村委会代为行使委托人的权利;农地经营权信托流转的受托人应限于商业性信托公司,以为农地信托提供金融支持,解决农业经营资金不足问题,并由政府采取资金补贴、税收减免等方式对农户予以激励;农户应为农地经营权信托流转的唯一受益人,应建立受益人大会制度和农地信托监察人制度,以有效保护其利益。Trust transfer,as an innovative means of agricultural land transfer,can better utilize the func-tion of production factors of agricultural land without compromising the social security function of agricultural land,solve the problem of idleness and fragmentation of agricultural land,maximize the efficiency of agricul-tural land use,and achieve the maximum benefit for farmers.After the implementation of the Civil Code,the trust property of agricultural land trust shall be the right to operate agricultural land.The trustee of agricul-tural land management right trust can only be farmers,but in order to realize the scale and intensive opera-tion of agricultural land,the rural collective economic organization or village committee should be indirectly entrusted to exercise the rights of the trustee on behalf of farmers;the trustee of agricultural land manage-ment right trust should be limited to commercial trust companies to provide financial support for agricultural land trust and solve the problem of insufficient funds for agricultural operation,and the government should provide incentives to farmers by means of financial subsidies and tax exemptions.Farmers should be the only beneficiaries of agricultural land management trusts,and a beneficiary assembly system and an agricultural land trust supervisor system should be established to effectively protect their interests.

关 键 词：农地经营权 信托流转 农户 受益人大会 农地信托监察人 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]