论中华民族通用语的民族变体  

On Ethnic Varieties of the Common Language of the Chinese Nation

作　　者：黄行 HUANG Xing(Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,Zhuhai Campus of Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China;Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102445,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学人文和社会科学高等研究院,广东珠海519087 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京102445

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期18-24,共7页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向新疆义务教育的语言资源数据库建设及应用研究”(20&ZD294);2021年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“语言规划视域下的粤港澳大湾区多语语音数据库建设与研究”(21BYY115)。

摘　　要：当前民族地区推广国家通用语言的政策导向更加强调普通话使用主体或共同体的超民族属性,因此可以将“国家通用语言”进一步构建解读为“中华民族共同体通用语”或“中华民族通用语”。“中华民族通用语”变体的前身曾使用过汉语民族变体、汉语民族方言、地方普通话、中介语等身份和称谓,其共同特点是在少数民族使用的汉语中带有明显的母语特征或称中介语石化现象。在政府语文工作层面,包括少数民族使用的“地方普通话”已被列入“普通话水平测试”“中国语言资源保护工程”等国家语言能力测试和国家语言资源保护规划。同时“中华民族通用语”在民族地区推广普及的实践中,也面临着一些不同于汉语方言地区普通话推广的标准、理论和政策问题。The on-going policy orientation for popularizing“Putonghua/the national common language”emphasizes more on its main user or the trans-ethnic attribute of the community.Thus,“the national common language”can also be called“the common language of the community of the Chinese nation”or“the common language of the Chinese nation”,whose predecessors are the Chinese varieties spoken by ethnic minority speakers,including ethnic varieties of Chinese,ethnic dialects of Chinese,local Putonghua,interlanguage,etc..The common feature of these varieties is the characteristic of the fossilized mother tongue in the Chinese varieties used by ethnic minorities.As for the government language policies,the local Putonghua used by ethnic minority speakers is included in the national“Putonghua proficiency tests”and the“protection program of language resources in China”.However,the popularization of“the common language of the Chinese nation”in ethnic minority areas also faces such problems as the standards,theories and policies different from those in the areas of the Chinese dialects.

关 键 词：中华民族通用语 汉语民族变体 语言变体偏误 通用语的层次与认同 

分 类 号：H102[语言文字—汉语]