汉字对民族古文字的创制和书写的影响  

The Influence of the Chinese Characters on the Creation and Writing of Ancient Ethnic Writings

作　　者：孙伯君 SUN Bojun(School of Ethnology,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750030,China;Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102445,China)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学民族学学院,宁夏银川750030 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京102445

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期25-32,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“基于汉语通语与方言研究的番汉对音数据库建设”(20VJXT016);中国社会科学院“长城学者”资助项目“民族文献语言学学科基础研究资料建设与理论研究”(XC2021001)。

摘　　要：作为中国文字的有机组成部分,民族古文字不仅丰富了文字的定义,其中很多汉字系文字采用汉字字形和笔画,并创造性地借用“六书”造字法造字,也丰富了汉字“六书”理论。同时,民族古文字在行款、雕版与活字印刷等方面均受到汉字书写的广泛影响。入主中原的少数民族建立的辽、夏、金三朝创制了仿照汉字设计的全新文字,元朝创制的八思巴文也仿汉字采用方块形式,这些文字作为“官方文字”为汉族和少数民族共同使用,同时用来翻译了许多儒家经典教化百姓,反映了汉字所承载的儒家文化与中原王朝的典章制度对少数民族的积极影响。As an organic part of the Chinese characters,ancient ethnic writings have not only enriched the implications of writings,many of them have used Chinese characters and strokes,and creatively borrowed the“Six-type”character formation method to create their own characters,but also enriched the“Six-type”theory of Chinese characters.At the same time,the ancient ethnic characters have been under the far-reaching influence of Chinese characters in the aspects of format,engraving and movable-type printing.The Liao,Xia and Jin dynasties,established by the ethnic minorities that entered the Central Plains,created new characters based on Chinese characters.The Phagsba Script created in the Yuan dynasty also adopted the square form influenced by Chinese characters.These characters were used as the“official characters”by both the Han and ethnic minorities,and were also used to translate many Confucian classics to enlighten the people.It reflects the positive influence of the Confucian culture carried by Chinese characters and some rules and regulations of the dynasties of the Central Plains on the ethnic minorities.

关 键 词：民族古文字 汉字 字形 “六书” 雕版和活字印刷 

分 类 号：H024[语言文字—语言学]